磁流体动力学角速度传感器研究综述  

A review on the research of magnetohydrodynamic angular velocity sensors

作　　者：拓卫晓 蒋颢娇 李醒飞[1,2] 邢伟达 王天宇 Tuo Weixiao;Jiang Haojiao;Li Xingfei;Xing Weida;Wang Tianyu(National key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instrument,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Taihu Laboratory Deepsea Technological Science,Wuxi 214000,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学精密测试技术及仪器全国重点实验室,天津300072 [2]深海技术科学太湖实验室,无锡214000

出　　处：《仪器仪表学报》2024年第9期290-307,共18页Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62203322);中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M712372);天津大学自主创新基金项目(2023XQM-003);深海技术科学太湖实验室“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022JBGS03001)资助。

摘　　要：随着航空航天领域探测距离的逐步提升,频谱跨度大(0.1 Hz~1 kHz)、幅值小(mrad量级)的微角振动对有效载荷指向精度的影响日趋明显。磁流体动力学(MHD)角速度传感器兼具低噪声、宽频带、体积小的优势,是目前最适合在轨微角振动测量的方法,能够为在轨微角振动力学特性分析及主动补偿提供宽谱段内的数据支撑。本文对MHD角速度传感器的工作原理、技术特点和应用情况进行综述,并针对当前研究中存在的问题进行探讨。首先,对比MHD角速度传感器的两种结构形式,基于传感器数学模型分析两种结构形式的输出特性差异。然后,介绍国内外MHD角速度传感器典型产品的技术指标及应用情况,围绕多物理场耦合仿真、微弱信号检测、测试与标定、低频拓展、工程应用五大核心技术进行讨论,分析现有技术瓶颈的基础上,明确亟需突破的难点问题。最后,指明MHD角速度传感器的未来发展方向,并展望其未来的应用领域。As detection distances in the aerospace field increase,the impact of micro-angle vibrations—characterized by a broad frequency range(0.1 Hz to 1 kHz)and small amplitude(in the microradian range)—on payload pointing accuracy is becoming increasingly significant.Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)angular velocity sensors offer advantages such as low noise,wide frequency bandwidth,and compact size,making them the most suitable method for on-orbit micro-angle vibration measurement.These sensors can provide comprehensive data across a wide spectrum,aiding in the analysis of on-orbit micro-angle vibration dynamics and enabling active compensation.This paper reviews the working principles,technical characteristics,and applications of MHD angular velocity sensors while discussing current research challenges.It begins by comparing the two structural forms of MHD angular velocity sensors and analyzing the differences in their output characteristics based on the sensor′s mathematical model.Next,the technical specifications and applications of typical MHD angular velocity sensors,both domestic and international,are introduced.The paper also explores five core technologies:multi-physics coupling simulation,weak signal detection,testing and calibration,low-frequency expansion,and engineering applications.By examining existing technical bottlenecks,the paper identifies the key challenges that need to be addressed.Finally,the future development direction of MHD angular velocity sensors is outlined,and potential future application fields are explored.

关 键 词：惯性传感器 磁流体动力学(MHD) 微角振动 宽频测量 

分 类 号：TH73[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]