基于LabVIEW的颗粒物质声学探测实验系统研制与应用  

Development and application of a particle matter acoustic detection experimental system based on LabVIEW

作　　者：张攀 孙其诚[2] 张国华 ZHANG Pan;SUN Qicheng;ZHANG Guohua(College of Advanced Engineers,Beijing University of Science and Technology,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Science and Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Mathematics and Science,Beijing University of Science and Technology,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学高等工程师学院,北京100083 [2]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [3]北京科技大学数理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《实验技术与管理》2024年第11期153-160,共8页Experimental Technology and Management

基　　金：北京科技大学课程思政特色示范课程建设项目(KC2023SZ46);国家自然科学基金项目(11972212)。

摘　　要：该文基于LabVIEW软件平台研制了颗粒物质声学探测实验系统,旨在通过虚拟仪器技术革新颗粒物质的探测手段。该实验系统集成了仪器串口控制与虚拟仪器技术,可高精度实时测量与分析颗粒物质声学特性,如声速、声衰减及非线性参数。通过软硬件的协同设计,实验系统展现了可靠性与稳定性,实验验证结果显示,系统能精确测量声波在不同频率下的衰减特性,观察到声衰减系数随频率增加而增大,且在较高频率段更为显著,与理论预期相符。通过飞行时间法测量声速,揭示了声速与压强的幂律关系,符合颗粒介质中声传播的理论预期。此外,系统在多种湿度下对声衰减系数和非线性系数随压强变化的测量,发现二者均遵循幂律递减规律,验证了系统的环境适应性和实用性。[Objective]The main objective of this study is to address the challenges faced by traditional methods for studying the acoustic properties of particulate matter,which are often limited by hardware configurations used in conventional systems.To overcome these challenges,we developed a novel acoustic detection system for particulate matter using LabVIEW.This system uses virtual instrument technology to revolutionize detection methods,thereby enabling precise and reliable measurements of key acoustic characteristics,such as sound velocity,sound attenuation,and nonlinearity.[Methods]Our system integrates instrument serial port control with virtual instrument technology,thereby achieving high-precision real-time measurement and analysis of the acoustic characteristics of particulate matter.The development process involved a comprehensive approach that included hardware design,software algorithms,and signal processing techniques.To ensure system reliability and stability,rigorous experimental verification was conducted through the collaborative design of software and hardware components.We tested the system performance under various experimental setups by measuring sound attenuation coefficients,sound velocity,and nonlinearity of glass bead samples under various conditions.This system uses a modular design,allowing for customizing hardware and software components to meet specific experimental requirements.The user-friendly software interface features intuitive controls and real-time data visualization.Hardware components include a precision transducer for sound wave generation and reception,a high-resolution analog-to-digital converter for waveform capture,and a microcontroller interfacing with LabVIEW.For sound velocity,we implemented the time-of-flight method,which involves recording the time interval between the emission and reception of sound pulses.For sound attenuation,we calculated the attenuation coefficient based on the initial and final amplitudes of the sound wave after passing through the sample.The nonline

关 键 词：颗粒物质 声学特性 虚拟仪器 声衰减 非线性 

分 类 号：TH73[机械工程—仪器科学与技术] TH89[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]