“1619”对“1776”的挑战:历史叙事与美国国家认同  

The Challenge of“1619”to“1776”:Historical Narrative and American National Identity

作　　者：林玲[1] 李悦 LIN Ling;LI Yue(School of English Studies,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai 200083,China)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学英语学院,上海200083

出　　处：《浙江外国语学院学报》2024年第5期36-45,共10页Journal of Zhejiang International Studies University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“美国政党政治演化及其政治影响研究”(23BGJ045)。

摘　　要：2019年,在第一批黑奴抵达弗吉尼亚殖民地400周年之际,《纽约时报杂志》推出“1619项目”,以1619年奴隶制在北美的开启作为美国国家历史的开端,挑战以1776年美国《独立宣言》发表为开端的主流历史叙事,致力于重构美国历史,将黑人社会的发展置于美国历史叙事的中心。在2020年新一波“黑命亦命”反种族主义抗议浪潮高涨的背景下,“1619项目”在教育界、文化界产生了广泛影响。“1619”对“1776”叙事的挑战,折射出自20世纪末以来,美国多元文化身份政治的激进化演进轨迹。左翼多元文化身份政治的激进化引发了当今美国社会右翼保守派的强烈反击,在党派政治的驱动下,左右翼之间的“文化战争”日益加剧,呈现出美国国家认同层面的裂变与冲突。In 2019,on the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved Africans in colonial Virginia,The New York Times Magazine launched The 1619 Project.With the onset of black slavery in North America in 1619 marking the beginning of American national history,The 1619 Project challenged the mainstream historical narrative of the American nation that began with the Declaration of Independence in 1776.The project aims to reconfigure the US history by placing the development of the black community at the center of the American historical narrative.Against the backdrop of a new wave of“Black Lives Matter”anti-racist protests in 2020,The 1619 Project has had a wide-ranging impact on the educational and cultural circles.The challenge of“1619”to“1776”narrative epitomizes the radicalization of multicultural identity politics in the U.S.since the end of the twentieth century,which has triggered a strong backlash from right-wing conservatives in contemporary American society.Driven by partisan politics,the confrontation between the left-wing and right-wing forces has become increasingly intense,unfolding conflicting visions of American national identity.

关 键 词：“1619项目” 历史叙事 国家认同 多元文化主义 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学]