北美豆梨自交及杂交果实主要营养成分变化  

Changes of Main Nutritional Components in Inbred and Hybrid Fruits of Pyrus calleryana Decne

作　　者：于淑漫 刘玉泽 于晓跃 路丙社[1] 路斌[1] YU Shuman;Liu Yuze;Yu Xiaoyue;Bingshe;LU Bin(College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding Hebei,071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园林与旅游学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《河北科技师范学院学报》2024年第3期22-27,共6页Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(项目编号:20326330D);河北省自然科学基金项目(项目编号:C2021204126)。

摘　　要：为揭示北美豆梨杂交胚败育生理机制,以北美豆梨自交和杂交果实为试材,测定2个组合果实发育进程中的横径、纵径、单果质量等形态学指标以及营养物质、抗氧化保护酶活性、矿质元素等生理生化指标,探讨北美豆梨自交和杂交果实发育进程中的形态学差异和生理指标的变化规律。结果表明:(1)2个组合果实发育进程中横径、纵径和单果质量均呈上升趋势,自交果实的横径、纵径和单果质量始终大于杂交果实的,2个组合果实的果形指数均呈下降趋势,果实形态近圆形。(2)2个组合果实的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质量分数均呈上升趋势。(3)2个组合果实的SOD活性呈下降趋势,POD活性呈先上升后降低的趋势,CAT活性呈上升趋势,MDA质量摩尔浓度呈先下降后上升的趋势;杂交果实POD活性和CAT活性始终低于自交果实。(4)2个组合果实的N、P、K、Zn元素质量分数呈下降趋势,Mn元素质量分数呈上升趋势。北美豆梨杂交果实发育进程较自交果实缓慢,杂交果实中营养物质质量分数、抗氧化保护酶活性和N、P、K、Zn元素质量分数的降低以及MDA质量摩尔浓度和Mn元素质量分数的积累是杂交果实败育的内在原因。Morphological indexes such as transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,single fruit weight,and physiological and biochemical indexes such as nutrients,antioxidant protective enzyme activities and mineral elements were measured in the development process of the two combined fruits with inbred and hybrid fruits of Pyrus calleryana Decne as the test materials to reveal the physiological mechanism of hybrid embryo abortion of the Pyrus calleryana Decne,and to investigate the morphological differences and changing rules of physiological indexes in the development process of inbred and hybrid fruits of Pyrus calleryana Decne.The results showed that:(1)the transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter and single fruit weight of the two fruit combinations increased during the development process,and that of the inbred fruits were always greater than that of the hybrid fruits.The fruit shape index of the two fruit combinations showed a downward trend,and the fruit shape was nearly round.(2)The mass fraction of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the two fruit combinations showed an increasing trend.(3)SOD activity showed a downward trend,POD activity increased first and then decreased,CAT activity increased,and MDA mass molar concentration decreased first and then increased in the two fruit combinations.POD and CAT activities of hybrid fruits were always lower than those of the inbred fruits.(4)The mass fraction of N,P,K and Zn in the two combined fruits showed a decreasing trend,while the mass fraction of Mn showed an increasing trend.The development process of hybrid fruits was slower than that of inbred fruits.The decrease of nutrient mass fraction,antioxidant enzyme activity,N,P,K,Zn mass fraction and the accumulation of MDAmass molar concentrationand Mn mass fraction in hybrid fruits were the internal causes of hybrid fruit abortion.

关 键 词：北美豆梨 胚败育 自交果实 杂交果实 营养成分 变化规律 

分 类 号：S685.99[农业科学—观赏园艺]