饲粮添加包被甜菜碱对育肥后期平凉红牛营养物质表观消化率、瘤胃发酵特性及瘤胃和粪便微生物区系的影响  

Effects of Dietary Coated Betaine on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Rumen Fermentation Characteristics,Rumen and Fecal Microbiota of Pingliang Red Cattle in Late Fattening Stage

作　　者：狄亚鹏 方勇儒 张凌云 焦婷[3] 张小强 孟怀旺 赵生国[1] 车陇杰 DI Yapeng;FANG Yongru;ZHANG Lingyun;JIAO Ting;ZHANG Xiaoqiang;MENG Huaiwang;ZHAO Shengguo;CHE Longjie(College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Dongniu Science and Technology Innovation Development Center,Jingchuan 744300,China;Sino-US Grassland Animal Husbandry Sustainable Development Research Center,Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Red Cattle Industry Service Center in Jingchuan County,Gansu Province,Jingchuan 744300,China;Chongqing Unibio Biological Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400711,China;Gansu Provincial Animal Husbandry Technology Extension General Station,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃东牛科技创新发展中心,泾川744300 [3]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,兰州730070 [4]甘肃省泾川县红牛产业服务中心,泾川744300 [5]重庆优宝生物技术股份有限公司,重庆400711 [6]甘肃省畜牧技术推广总站,兰州730030

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第11期7120-7133,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：平凉红牛产业调查分析及高质量发展策略研究(22JR4ZL111);泾川县2023年东西部协作科技创新项目(JCKJ202301)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究饲粮添加包被甜菜碱(CBet)对育肥后期平凉红牛营养物质表观消化率、瘤胃发酵特性及瘤胃和粪便微生物区系的影响。选取18头20月龄、平均体重为(470.78±16.10)kg、体况良好、体型一致的育肥后期平凉红牛公牛,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加3.5和7.0 g/d CBet的饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期54 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组粗蛋白质表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组中性洗涤纤维表观消化率极显著提高(P<0.01)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组瘤胃pH和氨态氮(NH_(3)-N)含量极显著降低(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ组瘤胃乙酸、丁酸和戊酸含量显著或极显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。3)与对照组相比,试验组瘤胃微生物区系的Shannon指数极显著提高(P<0.01),瘤胃中优势菌门(拟杆菌门、髌骨菌门和纤维杆菌门)和优势菌属(普氏菌属、理研菌科RC9肠道群和解琥珀酸菌属)相对丰度有所提高(P>0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验组粪便优势菌门(厚壁菌门)和优势菌属(瘤胃球菌科UCG-005和理研菌科RC9肠道群)相对丰度有所提高(P>0.05),而粪便拟杆菌门、变形菌门、疣微菌门和另枝菌属相对丰度有所降低(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加CBet可以提高育肥后期平凉红牛营养物质表观消化率,并提高瘤胃中特有微生物相对丰度,增加瘤胃微生物多样性,进而改变瘤胃微生物区系和发酵模式,提高其对纤维的消化能力,维护瘤胃健康,同时还能改善后肠道菌群平衡,且以添加3.5 g/d为宜。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary coated betaine(CBet)on nutrient apparent digestibility,rumen fermentation characteristics and rumen and fecal microbiota of Pingliang red cattle in late fattening stage.Eighteen 20-month-old Pingliang red bulls with an average body weight of(470.78±16.10)kg,good condition and consistent body type were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 1 bull per replicate.Bulls in the control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 3.5 and 7.0 g/d CBet,respectively.The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days and the experimental period lasted for 54 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the crude protein apparent digestibility in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the neutral detergent fiber apparent digestibility in experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01).2)Compared with the control group,the rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)content in experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the rumen contents of acetate,butyrate and valerate in experimental group Ⅰ were significantly or extremely significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).3)Compared with the control group,the Shannon index of rumen microbiota in experimental groups was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),and the relative abundances of dominant phyla(Bacteroidota,Patescibacteria and Fibrobacterota)and dominant genera(Prevotella,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Succiniclasticum)in rumen were increased(P>0.05).4)Compared with the control group,the relative abundances of dominant phylum(Firmicutes)and dominant genera(Rumenococcaceae_UCG-005 and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)in feces in experimental groups were increased(P>0.05),while the relative abundances of Bacteroidota,Proteobacteria,Verrucomicrobiota and Alistipes in feces were decreased(P>0.05).In conclusion,

关 键 词：包被甜菜碱 平凉红牛 营养物质表观消化率 瘤胃发酵 瘤胃和粪便微生物区系 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]