法家视野中的国害:对《商君书》中“虱”的考察  

The National Harm from the Perspective of Legalism: An Investigation of the "lice" in the Book of Lord Shang

作　　者：周豪杰 Zhou Haojie

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院

出　　处：《理论界》2024年第11期73-79,共7页Theory Horizon

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金重大项目“中国传统政治哲学观念体系的当代重构”(23&ZD235)的研究成果。

摘　　要：《商君书》将“虱”字所蕴含的寄生而有害的意义引申至国家层面,赋予其寄生而害于民众或国家的独特内涵。《商君书》中“虱”的主要内容包括三官之虱和礼乐之虱。三官之虱是针对农、商、官三种职业而言,是三种职业的特殊状态,礼乐之虱是相对于农战功劳等政治主张而提出的,其性质是授官予爵的标准。二者都被称为“六虱”,但前者是“六虱”本意,后者是借用“六虱”之名。《韩非子》中的“五蠹”一词与“六虱”相近,但内容不同,反映了法家内部的思想变迁。The Book of Lord Shang extends on how 'lice' can be understood as something parasitic and harmful at a national level, attributing this unique connotation of parasitic and harmful to the people or the country. In this context, 'lice' refers specifically to those found among three professions-agriculture, business, and government officials-as well as those associated with Li-Yue. The former represents distinct categories within these professions whereas the latter pertains more broadly to political ideas like agricultural war achievements;both are collectively known as "six louse". However, it should be noted that while 'six louse' maintains its original meaning in one case,it borrows its name for another purpose. It is worth mentioning that although Han Feizi's term 'Wu Du' bears similarities with 'six lice', their respective contents differ significantly due to evolving ideologies within Legalism.

关 键 词：商君书 国害 六虱 礼乐 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]