从传统出发,重构中国汉字学学科体系  

Rebuilding the Academic Discipline of Chinese Character Studies Based on Tradition

作　　者：李运富[1,2] Li Yunfu

机构地区：[1]郑州大学汉字文明研究中心,郑州450001 [2]郑州大学古文字与中华文明传承发展工程协同攻关创新平台,郑州450001

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期12-23,204,205,共14页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“清代《说文》学新材料普查、整理与研究”(21&ZD299);古文字与中华文明传承发展工程项目“中华文化基因的汉字阐释研究”(G1908)。

摘　　要：以20世纪初为界,汉字研究可以分为传统文字学和现代汉字学。传统文字学已建立自主知识体系,因兼有其他学科内容而比较繁杂,理论上也存在一些缺陷。现代汉字学受国外语言文字理论影响,往往生搬硬套,无视传统,在汉字性质、汉字起源、汉字发展等关键问题上产生一些不合汉字实际的认知,导致现代汉字学内容贫乏,学术性减弱,学科地位下降。新时代汉字学既不能像传统文字学那样用文字包含语言,也不宜像现代汉字学这样用语言吞没文字,应该立足汉字本体,注重文字与语言的互助互证关系,把形体、结构、职用看作汉字的三维本体属性,继承传统而超越传统,重新建立中国自主的“三维汉字学”话语体系和学术体系,实现学科体系自主化。In the study of Chinese characters,the early 20th century is a dividing line:the traditional school before it and modern school after it.The traditional school had established its independent knowledge system.Scholars had clarified the nature and function of characters,and proposed methods for analyzing their structural forms.Characters were systematically organized and categorized based on their form and meaning,the origins of characters were explored,the history and laws of their development were described,and a knowledge system that balances form,meaning,and pronunciation were established.Moreover,the teaching and standardization of characters were emphasized by traditional studies.However,this approach is somewhat complex as it overlaps linguistic and literary studies,and it has some theoretical shortcomings.Modern Chinese character studies has become more specialized and formalistic under the influence of linguistic theories.However,these studies often rely on rigid applications of foreign theories,which has led to misconceptions about the nature,origin,development,and standardization of Chinese characters.As a result,although we now have a focus on form and standardization,it lacks depth in content and has a diminished theoretical explanatory power and academic practicality,causing a significant decline in the discipline's status.A new approach to Chinese character studies should not have language encompassed within characters,as was the case with traditional studies,nor should characters be subsumed within language,as is often the case with modern studies.Instead,it should be grounded in the intrinsic nature of Chinese characters,with an emphasis on the mutually supportive and validating relationship between characters and the Chinese language.This new approach should inherit and transcend tradition,examining the properties of Chinese characters from three dimensions:form,structure,and function.The aim is to build a discourse and academic system for Chinese character studies with Chinese characteristics,ac

关 键 词：传统文字学 现代汉字学 自主知识 继承超越 三维属性 学科体系 

分 类 号：H12[语言文字—汉语]