人的受动性是马克思哲学思想的重要内容  

Human Passivity as a Significant Element in Marx's Philosophy

作　　者：安启念[1] An Qinian

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期31-38,206,207,共10页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：人所共知马克思非常重视人的能动性,其实马克思也高度重视人的受动性。他认为一切物质存在都处在相互作用之中,一物既作用于他物,是能动的,也接受他物的作用,是受动的。人作为物质存在,能动性与受动性是其本质特征。马克思的唯物史观,焦点是人的发展与解放,基本观点是:人的劳动实践活动改变人的自然环境与社会环境,被改变的环境反过来改变人,造成人的变化与发展。实践活动改变环境,体现了人的能动性,被改变的环境改变人,体现了人的受动性。人的受动性是马克思唯物史观关注的重要问题。马克思的共产主义思想源自他对人的受动性的深入思考。他的哲学理论是唯物主义的,但是又吸收了唯心主义的积极因素;既重视人的能动性,更关注人的受动性。人的受动性是马克思哲学思想的重要内容,迄今没有得到应有的重视。For a long time,the philosophical community has emphasized the importance of human subjectivity and agency in Marx's philosophical thought,thereby highly valuing Western Marxism and practical materialism.Some scholars have even criticized Engels based on this perspective,denying dialectical materialism and historical materialism.This approach,however,is highly one-sided.While Marx indeed attaches great importance to human subjectivity and agency,he also emphasizes human passivity,as evidenced by his discussions on this topic in his works of philosophy.As a materialist,Marx believes that all material existence is in mutual interaction:everything both acts upon other things(agency)and is acted upon by other things(passivity).Agency and passivity are universal attributes of material existence.The focus of the materialist conception of history established by Marx and Engels is humanity rather than society.History,as they see it,primarily refers to the history of human development.They emphasize that social being determines social consciousness and use this as the foundation for their materialist view of society and history because humans are products of society:the essence of humanity,in its reality,is the sum of all social relations.They argue that humans,as material beings,can only obtain the means of life through practical activity,with labor being the essential nature of humanity.Human labor and practical activities transform the natural environment and create a humanized nature,including tools of labor.These tools determine the forces of production,relations of production,and all social relations among people.Humans are products of their environment,and the transformed natural and social environments in turn transform humans,leading to human change and development.Developed humans generate new needs,design and initiate new practices,and further transform the environment.The newly transformed environment,in turn,transforms humans again.This process of repetition constitutes history.History includes natural histor

关 键 词：能动性 受动性 存在物 历史观 理论价值 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]