中华猕猴桃雄株选育  

Selection of kiwifruit pollinators from Actinidia chinensis strains

作　　者：吕海燕[1] 李大卫[1] 韩飞[1] 田华[1] 费早霞 刘小莉[1] 钟彩虹[1] LU Haiyan;LI Dawei;HAN Fei;TIAN Hua;FEI Zaoxia;LIU Xiaoli;ZHONG Caihong(Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hubei 430074)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉植物园,湖北430074

出　　处：《中国果树》2024年第11期74-79,共6页China Fruits

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-26)项目资助;湖北低海拔地区猕猴桃适宜品种筛选及优质高效生产技术研究与示范(2021BBA100)。

摘　　要：以3个中华猕猴桃雄性株系为试材,测定不同株系的单花药花粉数量和花粉活力,解析不同贮藏条件下离体花粉活力的变化规律,为授粉雄株选育提供支撑。结果表明:3个株系花粉萌发率均在56%以上,其中10-3株系的花粉活力显著优于其他2个株系;10-3株系开花当天花粉萌发率达78.47%,其单花药花粉数量为35 500.00粒,显著多于另2个株系。花粉贮藏后活力测定结果显示,3个株系雄花在开花当天花粉活力最高,4℃贮藏7 d对花粉活力影响不显著,5-3、10-3株系花粉于4℃贮藏30 d后萌发率分别下降至37.65%、44.03%;6-1株系花粉萌发率则下降至2.25%,无法满足授粉需求。5-3、10-3株系花粉在-20℃贮藏30 d和60 d后萌发率分别为46.99%、53.14%和42.78%、45.34%,仍然能够满足生产上授粉坐果的需求;但6-1株系花粉在4℃贮藏15 d、-20℃贮藏30 d后萌发率分别下降至16.14%、23.24%。由此可知,5-3、10-3株系同时具备高萌发率和较多的单花药花粉数量,且具备较强的低温贮藏活性,可作为授粉雄株的候选品种。This study employs three male strains of Actinidiachinensisas experimental materials to quantify the pollen quantity per anther and assess the pollen viability of different strains.Additionally,it examines the impact of varying storage conditions on the in vitro pollen viability of these strains,thereby providing insights of the selection and breeding of kiwifruit pollinators.The results demonstrate that the pollen germination rate of the three tested strains can reach over 56%,with the 10-3 strain exhibiting notably higher pollen viability than the other two strains.On the day of flowering,the pollen viability of the 10-3 strain reached 78.47%,with the number of pollen grains per anther being 35,500.00 which is a significantly higher quantity than that observed in the other two strains.The viability of the pollen was measured following storage,and it was found that the highest viability was observed on the day of flowering for the three male flowers of the kiwifruit that were tested.Storage at 4℃for 7 days had no significant impact on pollen viability.Following a 30-day storage period at 4℃,the pollen viability of the 5-3 and 10-3 strains declined to 37.65%and 44.03%,respectively.In contrast,the pollen viability of the 6-1 strain decreased to 2.25%,which is insufficient to meet the pollination requirements.Pollen viability of the 5-3 and 10-3 strains stored at-20℃for 30 days and 60 days,respectively,remained above the production threshold for pollination and fruit setting,with viability percentages of 46.99%,53.14%and 42.78%,45.34%.However,the pollen viability of the 6-1 strain decreased to 16.14%and 23.24%after 15 days of storage at 4℃and 30 days of storage at-20℃,respectively.It can therefore be concluded that the 5-3 and 10-3 strains exhibit high germination rates and a substantial quantity of pollen per anther,in addition to displaying robust cold storage viability.These attributes render them suitable candidates for use as pollination varieties.

关 键 词：中华猕猴桃 花粉数量 贮藏条件 花粉活力 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]