董仲舒“元”“天”哲学与政治秩序的建立  

Dong Zhongshu’s Philosophyof“Yuan”and“Tian”and the Establishment of Political Order

作　　者：刘富民 LIU Fumin(Institute of Chinese Thought and Culture,Northwest University,Xi’an,Shaanxi710100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学中国思想文化研究所,陕西西安710100

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2024年第6期45-52,共8页Journal of Hengshui University

摘　　要：董仲舒的政治思想与其“元”“天”哲学密切相关。“元”是天人秩序之发生处及最终根据,属于本体论,而“天”则是他以推类逻辑为基础,基于对“自然之天”的观察而建构的关于宇宙的整体图式和意义链结构,属于宇宙论。二者的关系是“以元正天”,并主要体现在政治思想中。董仲舒以“元”为基础,将“微”作为政治秩序的起点,并以“君”作为政治秩序之枢机,保证政治秩序的灵活性;以“天”为基础,将制度性之礼制和德教作为政治秩序之两翼,保证政治秩序的稳定性。二者的统一保证了政治秩序中的人事与制度要素保持基本的平衡,从而避免秦制的僵化板结,实现共同体的长治久安。Dong Zhongshu’s political thought is closely related to his philosophy of“yuan”and“tian”.“Yuan”is the origin and ultimate basis of the order between heaven and man,which belongs to ontology.“Tian”is the overall schema and meaning chain structure of the universe constructed by him on the basis of inference logic and observation of nature,which belongs to cosmology.The relationship between the two is“to rectify tian with yuan”,which is mainly reflected in political thought.Dong Zhongshu took“yuan”as the basis,“trivia”as the starting point of political order,and“lord”as the key part of political order to ensure its flexibility.On the basis of“tian”,he took the system of etiquette and moral education as the two wings of political order to ensure its stability.The unification of the two ensured the basic balance of personnel and system in the political order,so as to avoid the rigidity of the Qin system and realize the long-term stability of the community.

关 键 词：董仲舒 元哲学 天哲学 政治秩序 制度 

分 类 号：B234.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]