桃褐腐病拮抗酵母菌的筛选及防治机理  

Screening and controlling mechanism of antagonistic yeast against peach brown rot

作　　者：侯亚倩 张晓红 张澍 赵雅婷 陈双建 段国锋[1] HOU Yaqian;ZHANG Xiaohong;ZHANG Shu;ZHAO Yating;CHEN Shuangjian;DUAN Guofeng(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,Shanxi,China;Institute of Pomology,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西晋中030801 [2]山西农业大学果树研究所,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2024年第11期4604-4616,共13页Microbiology China

基　　金：山西农业大学博士科研启动项目(2023BQ65)。

摘　　要：【背景】桃褐腐病是一种危害严重的病害,能对桃产业造成巨大的经济损失。【目的】明确山西省太谷区桃褐腐病的主要致病菌,并筛选出对桃褐腐病有明显生防效果的拮抗酵母菌。【方法】从有症状的“脆玉”桃果实中分离出引起桃采后褐腐病的真菌,通过形态特征、致病性试验和分子生物学鉴定对其进行鉴定;采用体外和体内试验筛选拮抗酵母菌,利用形态学、生理生化和分子生物学方法对拮抗酵母菌进行鉴定;此外,通过测定防御相关酶活性指标,评价拮抗酵母菌处理对桃果实腐烂抗病性的影响。【结果】美澳型核果链核盘菌(Moniliniafructicola)是山西省太谷区桃褐腐病的致病菌,筛选获得的最优拮抗酵母菌株HYA-4.1为异常威克汉姆酵母(Wickerhamomyces anomalus),对M.fructicola的菌丝抑制率达78.31%,可以诱导桃果内抗氧化酶活性的增高,显著抑制桃褐腐病。【结论】研究揭示了桃褐腐病的致病菌,并筛选出抑菌效果显著的拮抗酵母,为生防菌的筛选及应用提供参考。[Background]Brown rot is one of the most destructive diseases in peaches worldwide,causing serious economic loss of the peach industry.[Objective]To identify the causative agent of peach brown rot in Taigu District of Shanxi Province and screen efficient antagonistic yeast against the pathogen causing peach brown rot.[Methods]The fungus causing brown rot was isolated from the symptomatic fruits of the peach variety‘Cuiyu’and identified by morphological observation,pathogenicity test,and molecular methods.The antagonistic yeast strains were screened by in vitro and in vivo assays and identified based on morphological,physiological,biochemical characteristics and molecular evidence.Moreover,the activities of defense-related enzymes and other indicators were determined to evaluate the effects of the antagonistic yeast treatment on peach resistance to brown rot.[Results]Monilinia fructicola was identified as the main fungus causing the brown rot of peach fruits in Taigu District of Shanxi Province.The optimal antagonistic yeast strain HYA-4.1 was identified as Wickerhamomyces anomalus,which showed an inhibition rate of 78.31%on the mycelia of M.fructicola and increased the activities of antioxidant-related enzymes in peach fruits.The results suggested that the strain inhibited peach brown rot.[Conclusion]We identified the causative agent of peach brown rot and screened out an antagonistic yeast strain with significant inhibitory effect,which provided a reference for the screening and application of biocontrol strains.

关 键 词：桃 异常威克汉姆酵母 褐腐病 诱导抗病性 生防酵母 

分 类 号：S436.621[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]