基于视觉传感的GMAW熔池形貌分析与工艺研究  

Morphology analysis and process research of GMAW molten pool based on visual sensing

作　　者：刘泽庆 薛瑞雷 吴立斌[2] 李晓娟[1] 刘宏胜[1] LIU Zeqing;XUE Ruilei;WU Libin;LI Xiaojuan;LIU Hongsheng(College of Mechanical Engineering,Xinjiang University,Urumchi 830046,China;Sichuan Oil and Gas Construction Engineering Co Ltd,Chengdu 610225,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学机械工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]四川石油天然气建设工程有限责任公司,四川成都610225

出　　处：《传感器与微系统》2024年第12期21-24,27,共5页Transducer and Microsystem Technologies

基　　金：机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室开放课题基金资助项目(sklms2022023);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2022D01C391)。

摘　　要：为了解决管道熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW)仰焊位置工艺参数调整困难的问题,从熔池形貌分析角度出发,建立了基于视觉传感的熔池监测试验系统,该系统能够采集仰焊位置的熔池图像,并运用图像处理算法提取熔池边缘轮廓,进而定义了熔池的长度、宽度、面积以及尾部后托角等4个特征参数,以形象地表征熔池形貌。通过控制变量试验和正交试验,分析了熔池形貌特征参数与焊接工艺参数之间的关系,研究了焊接电压、送丝速度、焊接速度以及摆宽组合变化时对熔池形貌特征参数的影响程度。试验结果表明:熔池形貌特征参数能够真实反映熔池的动态变化,仰焊位置优化的工艺参数使熔池状态稳定,焊缝成形质量符合工程应用标准。In order to solve the problem of difficult adjustment of process parameters of pipeline gas metal active welding(GMAW)overhead welding position,from the perspective of molten pool morphology analysis,a set of molten pool monitoring test system based on visual sensing is established,which can collect the molten pool image of the overhead welding position,and the image processing algorithm is used to extract the contour of the molten pool edge,and then the four characteristic parameters of the molten pool,such as length,width,area and tail support angle are defined,so as to vividly characterize the molten pool morphology.Through controlling variable test and orthogonal test,the relationship between the morphology characteristic parameters of the molten pool and the welding process parameters is analyzed,and the influence degree of variation of welding voltage,wire feeding speed,welding speed and pendulum width combination on the morphology characteristic parameters of the molten pool is studied.Test results show that morphological characteristic parameters of the molten pool can truly reflect the dynamic changes of the molten pool,the process parameters of the overhead welding position optimization make the molten pool state stable,and the weld forming quality meets the engineering application standards.

关 键 词：视觉传感 仰焊位置 熔池形貌 图像处理 工艺试验 

分 类 号：TG457.6[金属学及工艺—焊接]