Cancer overdiagnosis: A challenge in the era of screening  

作　　者：Barbara K.Dunn Steven Woloshin Heng Xie Barnett S.Kramer 

机构地区：[1]US National Cancer Institute,Division of Cancer Prevention,Bethesda,Maryland,USA [2]Member,The Lisa Schwartz Foundation for Truth in Medicine,Norwich,Vermont,USA [3]The Center for Medicine in the Media,Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth,Lebanon,New Hampshire,USA [4]Director,The Lisa Schwartz Foundation for Truth in Medicine,Norwich,Vermont,USA [5]Beijing Biostar Pharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd,Beijing,China [6]Rockville,Maryland,USA

出　　处：《Journal of the National Cancer Center》2022年第4期235-242,共8页癌症科学进展（英文）

摘　　要：“Screening”is a search for preclinical,asymptomatic disease,including cancer.Widespread cancer screening has led to large increases in early-stage cancers and pre-cancers.Ubiquitous public messages emphasize the potential benefits to screening for these lesions based on the underlying assumption that treating cancer at early stages before spread to other organs should make it easier to treat and cure,using more tolerable interventions.The intuition is so strong that public campaigns are sometimes launched without conducting definitive trials directly comparing screening to usual care.An effective cancer screening test should not only increase the incidence of early-stage preclinical disease but should also decrease the incidence of advanced and metastatic cancer,as well as a subsequent decrease in cancer-related mortality.Otherwise,screening efforts may be uncovering a reservoir of non-progressive and very slowly progressive lesions that were not destined to cause symptoms or suffering during the person’s remaining natural lifespan:a phenomenon known as“overdiagnosis.”We provide here a qualitative review of cancer overdiagnosis and discuss specific examples due to extensive population-based screening,including neuroblastoma,prostate cancer,thyroid cancer,lung cancer,melanoma,and breast cancer.The harms of unnecessary diagnosis and cancer therapy call for a balanced presentation to people considering undergoing screening,even with a test of accepted benefit,with a goal of informed decision-making.We also discuss proposed strategies to mitigate the adverse sequelae of overdiagnosis.

关 键 词：Cancer overdiagnosis SCREENING 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]