自然与历史之间:孟德斯鸠论现代国家构建的“精神”  

Between Nature and History:Montesquieu on the“Spirit”of Modern State Building

作　　者：张旭 Zhang Xu

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际关系学院,北京100029

出　　处：《广东社会科学》2024年第6期197-208,I0008,共13页Social Sciences in Guangdong

基　　金：对外经济贸易大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(项目号21QD14)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在当前的国家构建研究中,历史常被视为不可或缺的变量。然而,当在历史维度下考察国家构建时,人们关心的更多是时间因素,特别是通过对比不同国家在相似的时间进程中的构建活动,得出具有普遍性的因果关系判断。与此同时,在涉及自然因素时,作为“载体”的环境是最受瞩目的部分,而西方思想传统中具有规范取向的“自然”理解遭到忽视。本文尝试探讨孟德斯鸠的国家构建思考,希望通过考察自然与历史在孟德斯鸠那里的多维意涵,阐释其眼中的现代国家构建所应坚持的“精神”,以此为当下的国家构建研究提供更丰富的视野。In current state building researches,history is often regarded as an indispensable variable.However,when examining state building from a historical perspective,the focus tends to be on temporal factors.Researchers usually consider that,through comparing the state building activities of different countries within similar time-frames,the universal causal relationships could be achieved.Meanwhile,when natural factors are involved,the environment as a“carrier”becomes the most emphasized aspect,and the normative oriented understanding of“nature”in Western intellectual traditions is often overlooked.This paper attempts to explore Montesquieu’s thoughts on state building.By examining the multi-dimensional meanings of nature and history in his works,we are aimed at elucidating the“spirit”of modern state building,thus providing richer perspectives for contemporary researches.

关 键 词：孟德斯鸠 自然 历史 国家构建 精神 

分 类 号：D03[政治法律—政治学] D091[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B565.24