人肉搜索已公开个人信息刑法的教义学分析  

Criminal law doctrinal analysis of “Doxing” disclosed personal information

作　　者：江海洋 Jiang Haiyang(Law School of Shandong University)

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《新闻界》2024年第10期64-75,共12页

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“爬取非个人数据的刑法规制体系化研究”(24YJC820018)。

摘　　要：由于《个人信息保护法》将“已公开个人信息”设定为一项个人信息合法处理事由,一般情况下,人肉搜索已公开个人信息并不构成侵犯公民个人信息罪。但当人肉搜索已公开的个人信息符合《个人信息保护法》对“已公开个人信息”合法处理事由的例外规定时,也即个人“明确拒绝”“对个人权益有重大影响”,则“人肉搜索”行为可以构成侵犯公民个人信息罪。“对个人权益有重大影响”应被界定为对被搜索者的人身、财产权益造成紧迫危险或损害,且行为人对此应具有间接故意。然而,鉴于“人肉搜索”行为所蕴含的基本权利以及存在的不同类型,对“人肉搜索”行为应做类型化区分,将之类型化为去匿名化型、目标锁定型和去合法化型三种。即使“人肉搜索”行为符合《个人信息保护法》规定的“已公开个人信息”合法处理事由的两种例外情形,《个人信息保护法》规定的诸如“为公共利益实施新闻报道、舆论监督”等合法处理事由,仍可作为人肉搜索已公开个人信息的违法阻却事由。需注意的是,一般公民也能够进行“新闻报道”,此类违法阻却事由的适用须满足“公共利益”目的以及手段“合理”之限定条件。Due to the Personal Protection Law setting“publicly available personal information”as a legitimate reason for processing personal information,in general,“doxing”of publicly available personal information does not constitute the crime of infringing on citizens'personal information.But when the personal information that has been publicly disclosed through“doxing”meets the exception provisions of the Personal Insurance Law on the legitimate processing of“publicly disclosed personal information”,that is,when the individual“explicitly refuses”and“has a significant impact on personal rights and interests”,then“doxing”can constitute the crime of infringing on the personal information of citizens.“Significant impact on personal rights and interests”should be defined as causing urgent danger or damage to the personal and property rights of the searchee,and the perpetrator should have indirect intent in this regard.However,given the fundamental rights inherent in“doxing”and the different types of existence,“doxing”should be classified into three types:“de anonymization type”,“target locking type”,and“de legalization type”.Even if“doxing”meets the two exceptions of the legal processing reasons for“publicly disclosed personal information”stipulated in the Personal Insurance Law,the legal processing reasons stipulated in the Personal Insurance Law,such as“implementing news reporting and public opinion supervision for the public interest”,can still be used as illegal obstacles for“doxing”to retrieve publicly disclosed personal information.It should be noted that ordinary citizens can also engage in“news reporting”,and the application of such illegal obstacles must meet the limitations of“public interest”purposes and reasonable means.

关 键 词：人肉搜索 已公开个人信息 侵犯公民个人信息罪 个人信息保护法 违法阻却事由 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]