GC-MS法分析四种木本油料脂肪酸组成及含量差异性  

Composition and Content of Fatty Acid in Woody Oil by GC-MS

作　　者：黄安香 姬宁 杨守禄 王忠伟 柏文恋 邬能英 卢香 HUANG Anxiang;JI Ning;YANG Shoulu;WANG Zhongwei;BAI Wenlian;WU Nengying;LU Xiang(Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang 550005,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《贵州林业科技》2024年第4期1-7,13,共8页Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2021〕一般130号);贵州省高层次创新型人才(黔科合平台人才-GCC〔2023〕066);贵州省农村产业革命特色林业产业项目(特林研〔2020〕14号)。

摘　　要：为探究木本油料油茶籽、榛子、油用牡丹籽、山桐子油的脂肪酸组成及含量差异,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定其脂肪酸组分及含量,并进行差异性分析及品质评价。结果表明:油茶籽油中检出11种脂肪酸组分,其中不饱和脂肪酸(UFAs)含量为93.29%,以油酸含量最高,为87.31%;榛子油中检出12种组分,UFAs含量为90.32%,以油酸(47.83%)和亚油酸(36.35%)为主;牡丹籽油测出13种组分,UFAs含量为91.52%,以油酸(34.46%)、亚油酸(32.93%)和亚麻酸(23.84%)为主;山桐子油检出11种脂肪酸组分,UFAs含量为75.50%,以亚油酸(52.75%)为主要成分,其次为油酸(20.14%)。主成分分析获得3个主成分,其累计贡献率为89.13%,其中主成分1(PC1)的贡献率为58.26%,主要贡献者为棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、十七碳酸和油酸,主成分2(PC2)的贡献率为21.90%,亚油酸为主要的贡献者。多不饱和脂肪酸(MUFAs)(n-6)∶(n-3)比值以山桐子油为最高(39∶1),牡丹籽油1∶1,油茶籽油和榛子油均为6∶1,仅油茶籽油和榛子油符合中国营养协会的推荐值(4~6)。可见4种木本油料脂肪酸组分及含量具有显著差异,为木本油料油脂加工技术开发提供参考。This study aims to determine the great variation in the composition and content of fatty acid in the camellia seed,hazelnut,peony seed and paulownia oil.A series of investigations were carried out on the quality evaluation using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that there was the significant difference in the content of fatty acid components in the four woody oil plants.Among them,11 components of fatty acid were detected in the camellia seed oil,and the content of unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs)was 93.29%,among which the highest content of oleic acid was 87.31%.12 components of fatty acid were detected in the hazelnut oil,and the UFAs content was 90.32%,where the main ingredients were the oleic acid(47.83%)and linoleic acid(36.35%).13 components of fatty acid were detected in the peony seed oil,and the content of UFAs was 91.52%,with the main components of oleic acid(34.46%),linoleic acid(32.93%)and linolenic acid(23.84%).11 components of fatty acid were detected in thee Idesia polycarpa oil,and the contents of UFAs were 75.50%with the main component of linoleic acid(52.75%),followed by oleic acid(20.14%).Three principal components were obtained by principal component analysis(PCA).The cumulative contribution rate was 89.13%.Specifically,the contribution rate of PC1 was 58.26%,where the main contributors were the palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid,heptadecanoic acid and oleic acid.The contribution rate of PC2 was 21.90%,where the linoleic acid was the main contributor.The(n-6)∶(n-3)ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids(MUFAs)was the highest in Idesia polycarpa oil(39∶1),peony seed oil(1∶1),camellia seed oil(28∶1)and hazelnut oil(6∶1).Among them,only the hazelnut oil was met the recommended value of Chinese Nutrition Association(4~6).The finding can provide a strong reference for the woody oil during processing.

关 键 词：木本油料 油茶 山桐子 脂肪酸组成 品质评价 

分 类 号：S713[农业科学—林学]