W形金属封严环成形型面几何质量在机检测研究  

On-machine Inspection of Geometric Quality for Metallic W-ring Formed Profile

作　　者：裴昊男 杜思哲 罗明[1,2] PEI Haonan;DU Sizhe;LUO Ming(Key Laboratory of High Performance Manufacturing for Aero Engine,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072;Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Aero Engine,Ministry of Education,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072;AVIC Xi'an Flight Automatic Control Research Institute,Xi'an 710076)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学航空发动机高性能制造工业和信息化部重点实验室,西安710072 [2]西北工业大学航空发动机先进制造技术教育部工程研究中心,西安710072 [3]中国航空工业集团公司西安飞行自动控制研究所,西安710076

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第20期35-50,共16页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2019-VII-0014-0154);中国航发创新基金(ZZCX-2018-047)资助项目。

摘　　要：金属封严环是一种广泛应用于航空发动机的静密封结构件,其型面成形质量是保证航空发动机密封性能的关键,对减少发动机内流损失、提高发动机推重比具有重要意义。目前,金属封严环成形质量主要采用破坏性抽样终检,缺少成形过程几何质量检测方法,导致无法及时发现其成形缺陷。为解决上述问题,开展了W形金属封严环成形型面几何质量在机检测方法的研究。提出了一种基于多层配准与距离阈值的异形截面轮廓测量点云预处理方法,解决了W形金属封严环截面轮廓测量点云存在的严重异常值、缺失与噪声叠加问题;提出了基于最小面积外接矩形的轮廓几何特征参数提取方法、基于中轴线的壁厚提取方法、基于曲率与预定位的圆特征参数提取方法,实现了封严环截面复杂几何特征的提取。集成所提方法,采用对位安装的双激光轮廓传感器搭建在机测量系统,开发了W形金属封严环在机检测软硬件模块。最后,通过某型W形金属封严环的六个成形道次样件的几何质量检测,验证了本文方法的准确性。与传统破坏性检测结果相比,轮廓几何特征参数的平均相对误差为1.350%,壁厚尺寸的平均相对误差为3.219%,圆特征参数的平均相对误差为1.372%。Metallic sealing ring is a static sealing structure part widely used in aero-engine,and its profile forming accuracy is the key to the sealing performance,which is of great significance in reducing engine internal flow losses and improving engine thrust-to-weight ratio.Currently,the formed quality of metallic sealing ring mainly uses final destructive sampling inspection,and the lack of geometric quality inspection method in the forming process prevents timdy finding its forming defects.To address the above problems,an on-machine inspection research of geometric quality for metallic W-ring formed profile is carried out.A multi-level registration and distance thresholds based irregular section profile measurement point cloud preprocessing method is proposed,to solve the problem of serious outliers,missing and noise in the measurement point cloud.In order to realize the accurate extraction of complex geometric feature parameters,a minimum area bounding rectangle based profile geometric feature parameters extraction method,a medial axis based wall thickness extraction method,and a curvature and pre-location based circular feature parameters extraction method are proposed.Based on the dual laser scanners,an on-machine measurement system is built,and integrate the above methods,the hardware and software module are developed.Finally,the experimental results demonstrate the advantage of the method.Compared with the traditional destructive inspection results,the average relative error of 1.350%for the profile geometric feature parameters,3.219%for the wall thickness and 1.372%for the circular feature parameters.

关 键 词：金属封严环 几何质量 在机检测 点云预处理 特征提取 

分 类 号：TG806[金属学及工艺—公差测量技术]