辽对回鹘佛教的影响  

The Influence of the Liao Dynasty on Uigur Buddhism

作　　者：橘堂晃一 杨富学(译)[2] 单超成(译) KOICHI Kitsudo;Yang Fuxue;Shan Chaocheng

机构地区：[1]日本龙谷大学亚洲佛教文化研究中心 [2]敦煌研究院人文研究部 [3]西南民族大学中华民族共同体意识研究院

出　　处：《西夏研究》2024年第4期109-118,共10页Xixia Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“敦煌多元文化交融与中华民族共同体意识”(项目批准号:22VRC025)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：辽朝尊崇佛教,尤以密宗、华严宗为盛。辽与回鹘关系密切,辽朝境内有不少回鹘人存在,对契丹社会存在一定影响;从吐鲁番出土的汉文、回鹘文残卷看,《契丹藏》在高昌回鹘中有所传播,回鹘人中存在诵读汉文佛典的传统,汉文佛典的流行,对回鹘语言造成了一定的影响;辽僧所撰述的最新佛教经典和教义,如辽朝诠明和尚的佛经注疏、辽朝高僧希麟编纂的《续一切经音义》和《龙龛手鉴》等也流传到了敦煌和吐鲁番,对回鹘佛教产生的深远影响。Throughout the Liao Dynasty,Buddhism gained a status equivalent to that of the state religion under the admiration of the Khitan nobility,and various schools of Buddhism flourished.The current academic community has reexamined the influence of Khitan Buddhism on Korea and Japan.We believe that the influence of Khitan Buddhism on the Uighurs should also be given due attention.The Uighur people in the Liao Dynasty applied Buddhism to political activities,and Uighur monks were also highly valued by the Liao for their proficiency in Sanskrit and Brahmi Script.The Uighur people in Turpan region also use the Khitan Tripitaka and are likely to recite it in Chinese.Not only did the Khitan Tripitaka affect the writing style of Chinese characters among the Uighur people,but the commentaries on Buddhist scriptures written by Liao monks also directly influenced the Uighur Buddhist scriptures.During the Mongol rule,the Uighur or Han people of the Qoco Uighur Kingdom used the single print Khitan Tripitaka,but the Uighurs also used Kaibao Tripitaka and Jin Tripitaka.By studying the Uighur and Chinese Buddhist scriptures unearthed in the Turpan region,we can gain a glimpse into the cultural and religious connections between the Liao Dynasty and the Qoco Uighur Kingdom.

关 键 词：契丹藏 回鹘 辽朝 吐鲁番写本 民族关系 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K246.1[政治法律—中外政治制度] B948[历史地理—历史学] H211.4[历史地理—中国史]