基于改进主元分析的锂离子电池内短路故障诊断方法  

Diagnosis Method for Internal Short-circuit Faults in Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Improved Principal Component Analysis

作　　者：陈培育[1,2] 王洋 贺春[1] 程茹芸 李谦 李冠争 CHEN Peiyu;WANG Yang;HE Chun;CHENG Ruyun;LI Qian;LI Guanzheng(Electric Power Research Institute,State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company,Tianjin 300384,China;National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company,Tianjin 300010,China)

机构地区：[1]国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院,天津300384 [2]天津大学国家储能技术产教融合创新平台,天津300072 [3]国网天津市电力公司,天津300010

出　　处：《电力系统及其自动化学报》2024年第11期147-158,共12页Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA

基　　金：国网天津市电力公司科技项目(电科-研发2023-52)。

摘　　要：锂离子电池储能技术是建设我国以新能源为主体的新型电力系统的关键。因挤压针刺等强外力作用,生产时混入金属碎屑和析锂导致锂枝晶等容易造成锂离子电池出现内短路故障,但内短路的故障特征不明显,隐蔽性强,诊断难度大。为了灵敏有效地诊断出内短路故障,构建锂离子电池的等效电路模型,并基于递归最小二乘来辨识模型参数,提出扩展卡尔曼滤波方法以准确估计内短路故障电池的荷电状态;基于主元分析方法对电池的电压、电流和荷电状态进行关键信息提取,并在常规主元分析方法的基础上,提出一种综合指标来提高故障诊断的灵敏性。实验平台的测试结果验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性,系统可以灵敏且可靠地诊断出锂离子电池的内短路故障,保障了电池安全运行。The lithium-ion battery energy storage technology is the key to the construction of new power systems in China,which take renewable energies as the main body.The internal short-circuit faults in lithium-ion batteries may be easily caused by strong external force including extrusion and nail penetration,mixing metal debris during production,and lithium dendrites resulting from lithium precipitation.However,the characteristics of internal short-circuit faults are not obvious,with strong concealment and high diagnostic difficulty.First,to sensitively and effectively diagnose the internal short-circuit faults,an equivalent circuit model of lithium-ion battery is established in this paper,whose parameters are identified based on the recursive least squares.Second,the extended Kalman filter method is proposed to accurately estimate the state-of-charge(SOC)of the battery with internal short-circuit faults.Third,the key information about the voltage,current,and SOC of the battery is extracted based on principal component analysis(PCA),and a comprehensive indicator is put forward to improve the sensitivity of fault diagnosis based on the conventional PCA.The test results on an experimental platform verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method,indicating that it can sensitively and reliably diagnose the internal short-circuit faults of lithium-ion batteries and ensure their safe operation.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 内短路故障 主元分析方法 等效电路模型 荷电状态估计 故障诊断 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]