先秦两汉的口头和书写现象及其知识史意义  

The Oral and Written Phenomena of the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties and Their Significance in the History of Knowledge

作　　者：曲柄睿[1] Qu Bingrui

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期89-102,232,233,共16页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“语录类文献整理与儒家话语体系建构及传承的研究”(20&ZD265);北京师范大学历史学院青年教师发展资助项目。

摘　　要：先秦两汉是口头传统和书写传统并存且此消彼长的时期。口传是先秦时知识生产的主要方式,记录口述的听写是常见的知识传播现象。此后在不断地集结和润饰过程中,口传知识的原始面貌越来越模糊,而书写的意义越来越凸显。到了汉代,战国时搜集整理口传知识的活动被作者主观撰述的行为所取代。以司马迁《史记》为代表的著作,开辟了新的书写传统和文献习惯。至此,口头隐居于书写大盛的幕布之后,虽未曾缺席但也不再是知识生产的核心了。口头传统和书写传统一度并存的历史不应被忽视。而发掘前者逐渐被后者取代的过程,对于我们了解历史早期的知识生产与传播,更是极有意义。The pre-Qin and Han dynasties were a period in which oral and written traditions coexisted and grew in tandem.Oral tradition was the main way of knowledge production in the pre-Qin period,and dictation was a common phenomenon of knowledge transmission.Since then,in the process of continuous assembly and embellishment,the original appearance of oral knowledge became more and more vague,while the significance of writing became more and more prominent.By the Han Dynasty,the activity of collecting and organizing oral knowledge during the Warring States period was replaced by the author's subjective act of writing.The writings represented by Sima Qian's Shi Ji(Records of the Grand Historian)opened up new writing traditions and documentary habits.By now,the oral had been relegated to the back of the curtain where writing flourished,and was no longer at the center of knowledge production,although it had not been absent.The history of the coexistence of oral and written traditions should not be ignored.Discovering the process by which the former was gradually replaced by the latter is of great significance to our understanding of the production and dissemination of knowledge in early history.

关 键 词：口头 书写 知识生产 文献 《史记》 

分 类 号：K22[历史地理—历史学] K234[历史地理—中国史] I206.2[文学—中国文学] K204.2