黄河调水调沙对下游鱼类影响研究  

Impact of Water and Sediment Regulation on Downstream Fish in the Yellow River

作　　者：潘轶敏 葛雷 周子俊 PAN Yimin;GE Lei;ZHOU Zijun(Institute of Yellow River Water Resources Protection,Zhengzhou 450004,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水资源保护科学研究院,河南郑州450004

出　　处：《人民黄河》2024年第12期105-109,116,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3206202-01);河南省重大科技专项(201300311400);黄河水资源保护科学研究院科研专项(KYY-KYZX-2022-02)。

摘　　要：为掌握黄河调水调沙对鱼类影响过程,在2023年黄河调水调沙期小浪底坝址至花园口河段开展水生态系统监测,初步探讨了黄河调水调沙对鱼类影响的主要途径、范围、时限以及程度,结果表明:调水调沙对鱼类的影响局限在排沙期;水体短期内含沙量剧增和溶解氧迅速降低,是对鱼类及其栖息生境产生不利影响的主要因素;小浪底水库高含沙水体排泄是引发坝下“流鱼”的主要原因,“流鱼”分为水库鱼类机械性损伤死亡、坝下鱼类窒息死亡以及“浮头”等,随着含沙量沿程迅速降低,“流鱼”现象逐渐减弱,至伊洛河口基本消失;在调水调沙结束两个月后,鱼类总质量基本可恢复至调水调沙前水平。The synergy between water⁃sediment regulation(WSR)and ecological protection in the Yellow River has become the focus of at⁃tention.In order to understand the impact of the WSR on fish,this research carried out water ecosystem monitoring during the WSR in 2023,and initially discussed the main pathway,scope,time limit and extent of the impact on fish.The results show that the effect of WSR on aquatic organisms is limited to the sediment discharge period.The sudden increase of sediment content and the rapid decrease of dissolved ox⁃ygen(DO)in water are the main factors that adversely affect fishes and their habitat conditions.The drainage of high sediment content water body from Xiaolangdi Reservoir is the main cause of the“flowing fish”below the dam,which can be divided into three forms of mechanical injury death of fish in the reservoir,asphyxiation death of fish under dam and“gasping for air”of fish below the dam.With the rapid de⁃crease of sediment content along the way,the“flowing fish”phenomenon is gradually weakened and basically is disappeared to the Yiluo es⁃tuary.After the completion of WSR,the impact on aquatic organisms is disappeared.And two months later,the total quality of fish can be basically restored to the level before WSR.

关 键 词：调水调沙 水生生物 鱼类 含沙量 溶解氧 黄河 

分 类 号：TV61[水利工程—水利水电工程] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]