干旱条件下乌蒙山区冬闲田燕麦引种适应性评价  

Adaptability evaluation of oat introduction in winter fallow field of Wumeng Mountain area under drought condition

作　　者：高兴发 聂莹莹 徐丽君[2] 杨敏 徐树花 朱孟 GAO Xing-fa;NIE Ying-ying;XU Li-jun;YANG Min;XU Shu-hua;ZHU Meng(Huize County Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Yunnan Huize County High Quality Agricultural Products Development Co.,Ltd.,Huize 654200,China;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China,Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Dujiang Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center,Sandu Shui Autonomous County,Guiyang 558106,China)

机构地区：[1]会泽县农业农村局,云南省会泽县优质农产品开发有限责任公司,云南会泽654200 [2]北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100081 [3]三都水族自治县都江镇农业综合服务中心,贵州贵阳558106

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第11期215-227,共13页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2024-XZ-83);国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34)资助。

摘　　要：针对乌蒙山区冬闲田闲置率高,土壤资源利用率偏低的问题,本研究引进17份裸燕麦种质资源开展冬闲田引种试验,分别开展了产量、农艺性状及营养品质研究,运用聚类分析对17份种质资源进行分类比较,并采用灰色关联度进行综合评价,以期筛选出适宜在乌蒙山区冬闲田种植的裸燕麦品种。结果表明:1)17份供试燕麦籽粒产量最高的品种是‘定莜13号’(3743 kg·hm^(-2)),其次为‘香燕18号’(3722 kg·hm^(-2))和‘香燕13号’(3582 kg·hm^(-2)),均显著高于‘本地燕麦’(P<0.05);干草产量最大的品种是‘香燕18号’(11172 kg·hm^(-2)),其次是‘定莜7号’和‘定莜5号’,分别为10198和10029 kg·hm^(-2)。2)在营养品质方面,‘香燕18号’蛋白质和β-葡聚糖含量最高,淀粉含量最低,且与其他燕麦品种之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05);‘定莜4号’脂肪含量最高,且显著高于其他燕麦品种(P<0.05)。3)相关性分析表明,籽粒产量与穗长、穗粒数、轮层数和铃铛数之间显著正相关,是影响燕麦种子产量的主要因素。4)灰色关联度分析表明,17份供试燕麦综合评价排名靠前的品种为‘香燕18号’‘定莜7号’‘定莜13号’‘定莜11号’‘定莜5号’‘香燕13号’和‘坝莜14号’;聚类分析表明,17份供试燕麦品种可分为4个类群,其中类群I中综合评价排名前7的品种占70%以上,该类群产量较高,蛋白质含量普遍较高、穗粒数多,且β-葡聚糖含量高,定义为多籽高蛋白降糖组,包括‘香燕18号’‘定莜7号’‘定莜5号’‘香燕13号’和‘坝莜14号’,可作为乌蒙山区冬闲田种植裸燕麦的推广品种。In the Wumeng Mountain area there is an issue of a long fallow period and a short opportunity window for crop production,resulting in a low utilization rate of soil resources in winter fallow fields.In this research,17 naked oat cultivars and germplasm lines were evaluated for use in winter fallow fields,and the yield,agronomic traits and nutritional quality were determined.Data for the 17 oat varieties were classified and compared by cluster analysis,and a multi-trait evaluation was carried out using grey relational analysis,in order to identify naked oat varieties suitable for planting in winter fallow fields in the Wumeng Mountain area.It was found that:1)The highest grain yield among the 17 oat varieties was‘Dingyou No.13’(3743 kg·ha-1),followed by‘Xiangyan No.18’(3722 kg·ha-1)and‘Xiangyan No.13’(3582 kg·ha-1),which were significantly higher than‘local oat’(P<0.05).The variety with the highest hay yield variety was‘Xiangyan No.18’(11172 kg·ha-1),followed by‘Dingyou No.7’and‘Dingyou No.5’,which were 10198 and 10029 kg·ha-1,respectively.2)In terms of nutritional value,‘Xiangyan No.18’had the highest protein andβ-glucan content and the lowest starch content,and there was a significant difference between‘Xiangyan No.18’and other oat varieties(P<0.05).The fat content of‘Dingyou No.4’was the highest and significantly higher than that of other oat varieties(P<0.05).3)The significant positive correlation analysis indicates that grain yield is positively associated with spike length,spikelets per spike,stem thickness,number of tillers,and number of grains,making them the primary factors influencing oat seed production.4)For the multi-trait grey relational analysis showed that the top 7 oat varieties were:‘Xiangyan No.18’‘Dingyou No.7’‘Dingyou No.13’‘Dingyou No.11’‘Dingyou No.5’‘Xiangyan No.13’and‘Bayou No.14’.Cluster analysis separated the 17 oat varieties into 4 groups.Among them,group I,comprising the top 7 varieties in comprehensive evaluatio

关 键 词：燕麦 冬闲田 生产性能 营养品质 灰色关联度分析 

分 类 号：S544.9[农业科学—作物学]