莫言《生死疲劳》的文学民族志解读  

An Interpretation of MO Yan's Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out from the Perspective of Literary Ethnography

作　　者：王志成 郑伟斌 WANG Zhicheng;ZHENG Weibin(Minnan Normal University,Zhangzhou Fujian 363000)

机构地区：[1]闽南师范大学,福建漳州363000

出　　处：《浙江万里学院学报》2024年第6期56-63,共8页Journal of Zhejiang Wanli University

摘　　要：文学民族志作为一种结合了人类学民族志方法论的文学人类学研究范式,提出“回于生活”的文本分析策略,为探索文化与文本之间相互建构的关系提供了全新的思路。通过此方法进行研究,可以发现莫言童年时期推磨的经历是他感知人与驴关系的重要契机,推磨是莫言小说大量描写驴的首要灵感来源。《生死疲劳》作为莫言小说驴叙事的成熟之作同样拥有丰富的生活依据,其中西门驴的故事不仅继承了以吕剧为代表的民间艺术文化资源,还展现出当地人民的乐天精神。生活与文学的互构最终形成了人兽同型的西门驴形象,“驴人”主题的提出也让故事充满了生态人文的精神,作者通过这种非人类叙事表达了对动物野性以及人的“种的力量”的呼唤。Literary ethnography,as a research paradigm in literary anthropology that combines the methodology of anthropology and ethnography,proposes a"return to life"text analysis strategy,and provides a new approach to examining the mutually constructed relationship between culture and text.Using this approach for research,it can be observed that Mo Yan's childhood experience of grinding grain was an important opportunity for him to perceive the relationship between humans and donkeys.Grinding grain serves as the primary source of inspiration for the extensive portrayal of donkeys in Mo Yan's novels,and his work Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out represents a mature narrative of donkeys in Mo Yan's fiction,also drawing from rich real-life experience.The story of Ximen the donkey in the novel inherits elements from folk art and cultural resources,such as Lv opera,showcasing the optimistic spirit of the local people.The intertwining of life and literature eventually gives rise to the anthropomorphic image of Ximen the donkey,and the theme of""donkey-human"infuses the story with an ecological and humanistic spirit.Through this non-human narrative,the author expresses a call for the wildness of animals and the power of different species.

关 键 词：莫言 《生死疲劳》 文学民族志 动物叙事 驴文化 

分 类 号：I206.7[文学—中国文学]