两种加工方式的海马齿饵料对皱纹盘鲍生产性能、肌肉营养及质构特性的影响  

Effects of two processing methods of Sesuvium portulacastrum diet on culture performance,nutrient composition,and muscle texture properties of Haliotis discus hannai

作　　者：李雷斌[1] 乔琨[1] 祁剑飞[1] 温凭[1] 方民杰[1] 郭少鹏 刘智禹[1] 林琪[1] 曾庆民[1] LI Leibin;QIAO Kun;QI Jianfei;WEN Ping;FANG Minjie;GUO Shaopeng;LIU Zhiyu;LIN Qi;ZENG Qingmin(Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian,Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province,Xiamen 361013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省水产研究所,福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室,福建厦门361013

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2024年第9期1090-1104,共15页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目(2021FJSCZY02);福建省促进海洋与渔业产业高质量发展专项资金项目(FJHYF-L-2023-23);福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项资金项目(FJHY-YYKJ-2024-1-5).

摘　　要：盐生植物海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)营养丰富,具有开发为鲍新型饵料的潜力。为评估海马齿作为鲍饵料的价值,本研究分析了漂烫海马齿、盐渍海马齿的营养成分,并以龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)为对照,使用单一的漂烫海马齿与盐渍海马齿分别饲喂相同规格[壳长(5.161±0.315)cm,体重(16.90±3.07)g]的皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)。每4 d投喂1次,每次足量投喂饵料,确保饵料充足并有残饵产生,养殖周期为80 d。研究结果表明:(1)漂烫海马齿与盐渍海马齿的水分、能量、干基粗蛋白、粗脂肪、碳水化合物、灰分的含量分别是(89.08±0.01)%、(103.44±0.15)kJ/100 g、(12.49±0.28)%、(2.93±0.06)%、(20.34±0.28)%、(29.10±0.08)%与(59.37±0.04)%、(139.38±0.79)kJ/100 g、(4.16±0.08)%、(1.25±0.01)%、(5.74±0.18)%、(72.80±0.05)%,两种海马齿饵料均含有18种氨基酸,氨基酸种类齐全,与皱纹盘鲍肌肉在11种重要氨基酸模式上比较接近。(2)与龙须菜相比,两种海马齿饵料对皱纹盘鲍摄食率(FI)和饵料系数(FCR)具有显著的影响(P<0.05),盐渍海马齿的FI与FCR均最高,龙须菜的FI与FCR均最低;两种海马齿饵料对皱纹盘鲍的存活率(SR)、平均壳长日生长量(DG_(L))、平均体重日增加量(DG_(W))、壳长特定生长率(SGR_(L))、特定生长率(SGR_(W))、肥满度(CF)、出肉率(MY)的影响不显著(P˃0.05)。(3)与龙须菜相比,两种海马齿饵料显著降低了皱纹盘鲍肌肉的水分、胶原蛋白与氨基酸总量(P<0.05),显著提高了皱纹盘鲍肌肉的灰分含量(P<0.05);两种海马齿饵料对皱纹盘鲍肌肉的粗脂肪含量、EAA/TAA、第一限制氨基酸含量无显著性影响(P>0.05);使用海马齿饵料能够增加皱纹盘鲍肌肉中的亚油酸和α-亚麻酸含量。(4)与龙须菜相比,两种海马齿饵料对皱纹盘鲍肌肉组织的弹性和回复力影响无显著性差异(P>0.05),漂烫海马齿显著降低了肌肉组织的硬度和咀嚼性(P<0.05),�The increase in feed costs has significantly impacted the sustainable development of the Chinese abalone industry.The halophyte sea purslane(Sesuvium portulacastrum)is nutritionally valuable and shows potential as a novel bait source for abalone.We analyzed the nutrient composition of blanched and salted sea purslane to assess the value of sea purslane as abalone feed.Subsequently,blanched and salted sea purslane were separately used as the sole feed for Pacific abalone(Haliotis discus hannai)with the same specifications in each group(shell length:5.161±0.315 cm,body weight:16.90±3.07 g).The red alga Gracilaria lemaneiformis served as the control feed.The abalone were feed once every 4 days over an 80-day culture cycle,with sufficient feed dispensed each time to ensure the provision of adequate feed and the generation of leftovers.There were four main findings.First,moisture,energy,crude protein(dry basis),crude fat,carbohydrate,and ash contents were(89.08±0.01)%,(103.44±0.15)kJ/100 g,(12.49±0.28)%,(2.93±0.06)%,(20.34±0.28)%,and(29.10±0.08)%,respectively,for blanched sea purslane and(59.37±0.04)%,(139.38±0.79)kJ/100 g,(4.16±0.08)%,(1.25±0.01)%,(5.74±0.18)%,and(72.80±0.05)%,respectively,for salted sea purslane.Both types of sea purslane feed contained 18 amino acids,indicating a comprehensive amino acid profile that was relatively close to that of Pacific abalone muscle in terms of the presence of 11 important amino acids.Second,the two types of sea purslane feed significantly influenced the feed intake(FI)and feed conversion ratio(FCR)of Pacific abalone(P<0.05).The FI and FCR were highest in abalone that fed on salted sea purslane and lowest in abalone that fed on G.lemaneiformis.Neither type of sea purslane feed significantly influenced the survival rate,average daily shell length gain,average daily body weight gain,specific growth rate of shell length,specific growth rate of body weight,condition factor,or meat yield of Pacific abalone(P˃0.05).Third,both types of sea purslane feed significantly i

关 键 词：海马齿 皱纹盘鲍 龙须菜 漂烫 盐渍 

分 类 号：S968[农业科学—水产养殖]