荆门林场遗址西汉车马坑性质探析——也论赐葬外藏椁及其制度的形成  

On The Western-Han Chariot Pit at Linchang Site and The Making of the Imperial Granting Outer-Coffin System

作　　者：焦阳[1] Jiao Yang

机构地区：[1]四川大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2024年第11期134-146,201,共14页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金资助项目“西汉车马埋葬研究”(项目编号:2023M742461)的阶段性成果;“国家资助博士后研究人员计划”(项目编号:GZC20231785)的资助。

摘　　要：荆门林场遗址车马坑是一座西汉早期诸侯王墓的外藏椁,椁内放置有一组由人俑、车马模型构成的出行队列。外藏椁的形制仿照帝陵,人俑的形制也显示出与西安地区的一致性。椁内器物上的“物勒工名”皆为中央工官,“轻属车”可理解为作属车用的轻车,即兵车用作仪仗之车;人俑中明确可知有“侍御史唐(?)奴”,承担护丧职能。整个车马坑应当是中央赏赐给墓主的一具外藏椁,椁内有序放置的车马、人俑队列可能是象征用以送葬(护丧)的仪仗队伍。林场遗址车马坑为探讨诸侯王丧葬制度的形成与发展提供了宝贵材料,西汉赐葬制度中的某些内容在西汉早期已经形成,文帝时期对于陵墓制度的建设可能远比文献记载的要丰富和深远。The chariot pit at the Linchang site actually serves as the outer-coffin of a Marque of the early Western Han dynasty,which is made of a procession with human figurines and models of chariots and horses.The out-coffin is royal-styled in shape,the figures are Xi'an-featured.The items inside the outer-coffin bear the makers'names of the offcial craftsmen,Qing Shu Che'(轻属车)refers to the military vessel which work as a ceremonial chariot here.The human figures of Official Shiyushi Tang(?)Nu(‘侍御史唐(?)奴’)serve as the escort to the burial procession.The right arrangement of the chariots,horses and figurines symbolizes the funeral procession.This chariot pit is informatively significant for the study of the birth and development of the funeral system for the vassal kings.Some regulations on the Western-Han burial-granting system are already set down in the early Western-Han period.The content of the mausoleum system during Emperor Wendi's period is likely even richer and far-reaching than what is documented in the literature.

关 键 词：外藏椁 轻属车 侍御史 护丧 赐葬制度 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234.1[历史地理—历史学]