干细胞源性外泌体在阿尔茨海默病认知障碍治疗中的应用现状与未来展望  

Current status and prospect of stem cell-derived exosomes in cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease

作　　者：黄思柔 杨浩 兀瑞 刘卫平 Huang Sirou;Yang Hao;Wu Rui;Liu Weiping(Brain Hospital,Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital),Xi'an 710004,China;Department of Neurosurgery,Xi'an Central Hospital,Xi'an 710003,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市人民医院(西安市第四医院)脑科病院,西安710004 [2]西安市中心医院神经外科,西安710003

出　　处：《中华神经医学杂志》2024年第11期1160-1166,共7页Chinese Journal of Neuromedicine

基　　金：西安市科技计划医学研究重点项目(2024JH-YXZD-0036);西安市人民医院(西安市第四医院)孵化基金(LH-14)。

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种常见且高度致残的不可逆性中枢神经系统退行性疾病,其临床表现包括进行性认知功能障碍、记忆丧失及行为障碍等。AD的认知障碍主要与β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)沉积、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化和神经炎症密切相关,严重影响患者的生活质量。目前,AD的确切病因尚不明确,且缺乏有效的治疗手段。近年来,干细胞源性外泌体因其独特的生物学特性和在细胞间通讯中的重要角色,受到广泛关注。它们能够携带多种生物活性分子,如蛋白质、脂质和RNA,并在中枢神经退行性疾病中发挥重要作用。因此,本文围绕外泌体的生物发生、生物特性、干细胞源性外泌体的优势及其在AD认知障碍治疗中的应用现状及未来展望进行综述,旨在为AD的治疗提供新的思路。Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a common and highly disabling irreversible degenerative disease of the central nervous system,with characteristics as progressive cognitive impairment,memory loss,and behavioral disturbances.Cognitive impairment in AD,being closely associated with amyloid beta-protein(Aβ)deposition,Tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation,affects the quality of life of patients.Currently,the exact cause of AD remains unclear,and effective treatment options still lacks.In recent years,stem cell-derived exosomes have garnered widespread attention due to their unique biological properties and crucial role in intercellular communication.These exosomes can carry various bioactive molecules,such as proteins,lipids,and RNA,playing significant roles in central nervous system degenerative diseases.Therefore,this article primarily describes the biogenesis,biological characteristics,and advantages of stem cell-derived exosomes,and summarizes their current applications and future prospects in cognitive impairment in AD,aiming to provide new insights for AD treatment.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 干细胞源性外泌体 认知障碍 神经炎症 Β-淀粉样蛋白 

分 类 号：R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]