高铁扣件弹性元件宽频动静刚度比表征与设计  

Characterization and Design of Broadband Dynamic-Static Stiffness Ratio of Elastic Components in High-speed Railway Fasteners

作　　者：张校恺 韦凯[1] 王显 ZHANG Xiaokai;WEI Kai;WANG Xian(School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学土木工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2024年第11期65-71,共7页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51978583);四川省科技支撑计划项目(2021YFSY0061)。

摘　　要：目前国内高铁扣件弹性元件动静刚度比的设计主要依赖工程经验而暂无理论依据,随着列车速度突破350 km/h,其实际过车频率早已超过传统设计所使用的4 Hz,仍沿用传统设计方法可能存在安全隐患。为了保证高铁扣件动静刚度比的科学设计,基于经典黏弹塑性动力学与分数阶Zener模型对扣件弹性元件宽频动静刚度比进行理论推导与表征,讨论扣件弹性元件加载频率趋于零和无穷大时的储能刚度K0、K∞以及扣件弹性元件松弛时间对动静刚度比频变特性的影响,针对动静刚度比对行车安全的影响提出动静刚度比设计方法,最后针对文中案例给出扣件弹性元件动静刚度比取值范围的建议。主要研究结论:(1)扣件弹性元件的动静刚度比随着频率增大而非线性增大,增幅随着频率的增加而减小,最后趋于稳定,本文表征所用扣件动静刚度比在0~10 Hz(10~20 Hz)的增幅为44%(7%);(2)刚度和阻尼相关参数的取值并不会影响动静刚度比的频变特性,但会导致其增幅出现明显的差异且不同参数的影响程度不同,K0对增幅影响最为显著,其次是K∞与τ;(3)动静刚度比过大和过小均会增大列车脱轨风险,建议扣件静刚度为20 kN/mm时,设计速度分别为250,350,400,500 km/h的线路中所用扣件在实际过车频率下的动静刚度比应大于1.02并分别小于1.90,1.70,1.65,1.50。Currently,the design of dynamic-static stiffness ratio for elastic components in domestic high-speed railway fastening systems mainly relies on engineering experience,lacking a solid theoretical foundation.As train speeds surpass 350 km/h,the actual passage frequency has already exceeded the traditional design frequency of 4 Hz.Continuing to use traditional design methods may pose safety risks.In order to ensure a scientifically sound design of the dynamic-static stiffness ratio for high-speed railway fasteners,this study theoretically derived and characterized the broadband dynamic-static stiffness ratio based on classical viscoelastic-plastic dynamics and fractional Zener model.It discussed the energy storage stiffness as the loading frequency approached zero and infinity(K0 and K∞)and examined the influence of relaxation time(τ)of the fastener elastic components on the frequency-dependent characteristics of the dynamic-static stiffness ratio.A design method for the ratio,considering its influence on train safety,was proposed.Finally,according to the case,the suggestions for the optimal range of dynamic-static stiffness ratios for elastic components of fasteners were provided.The main research conclusions:(1)The dynamic-static stiffness ratio of the fastener elastic components increased nonlinearly with frequency,with the rate of increase diminishing as frequency rose,ultimately stabilizing.The ratios characterized in this study exhibited an increase of 44%(7%)in the range of 0-10 Hz(10-20 Hz).(2)The values of stiffness and damping-related parameters did not affect the frequency-dependent characteristics of the dynamic-static stiffness ratio,but they led to significant differences in its magnitude,with differing levels of influence from the parameters.The increase of K0 exhibited the most significant influence,followed by K∞andτ.(3)Both excessively high and low dynamic-static stiffness ratios increased the risk of train derailment.It was suggested that when the static stiffness of the fasteners was set at

关 键 词：高速铁路 扣件系统 黏弹性力学 分数阶Zener模型 宽频动静刚度比 

分 类 号：U238[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U213.2