基于心电数据的高速公路高密度互通立交驾驶负荷  

Mental workload of drivers at high-density interchanges of freeways based on ECG data

作　　者：徐进[1,2] 陈正欢 廖祺硕 郑展骥 张河山[1] XU Jin;CHEN Zheng-huan;LIAO Qi-shuo;ZHENG Zhan-ji;ZHANG He-shan(School of Traffic&Transportation,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of"Human-Vehicle-Road"Cooperation and Safety for Mountain Complex Environment,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;Chongqing City Transportation Development&Investment Group Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401121,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学交通运输学院,重庆400074 [2]重庆交通大学山区复杂道路环境“人-车-路”协同与安全重庆市重点实验室,重庆400074 [3]重庆城市交通开发投资(集团)有限公司,重庆401121

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2024年第10期2807-2818,共12页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52172340);重庆市高校创新研究群体项目(CXQT21022)。

摘　　要：为了明确高密度互通立交行驶环境对驾驶负荷的影响,本文在G50沪渝高速公路重庆段一处高密度立交群开展了38名被试的小客车实车驾驶试验,使用PhysioLAB生理仪采集了驾驶人在自然行驶状态下的心电数据。基于心率和心率变异性指标,采用因子分析法构建了心理负荷量化模型,分析了不同立交净距条件下驾驶人的心理负荷差异及其影响因素。结果表明:立交净距的缩小会导致驾驶人心理负荷增加,驾驶人在小净距立交的平均心理负荷比常规净距立交增加了15.15%;不同驾驶风格、不同性别驾驶人之间的心理负荷均存在差异,立交净距的缩小对焦虑型驾驶人和女性驾驶人的影响更大;驾驶人心理负荷随着对行驶环境熟悉度的增加而减小;车辆交织会导致驾驶人心理负荷显著增加,驾驶人在小净距立交合流过程中的平均心理负荷比分流过程增加了13.89%。To clarify the effects of high-density interchange environments on the mental load of drivers,a field driving test with 38 drivers was conducted in high-density interchange scenarios of“Shanghai Chongqing Expressway”(No.G50)in Chongqing,China.And the ECG data were collected under natural driving conditions using PhysioLAB physiological instrument.Subsequently,a quantitative model of mental workload was developed using factor analysis based on heart rate and heart rate variability indexes to explain drivers′mental workload differences under different interchange spacing.The results show that:The reduction of interchange spacing increases drivers′mental workload,and the average mental workload in small spacing interchanges increases by 15.15% compared with normal-spacing interchanges.Between the different driving styles of drivers and other genders,there are differences in the mental workload.And the reduction in interchange spacing significantly impacts anxious drivers and female drivers.The mental workload decreases after the increased familiarity with the driving environment.Vehicle weaving can lead to a significant increase in the mental workload of the driver.The average mental workload of drivers during the merging of small spacing interchanges increasesby 13.89% compared to the diverging process.

关 键 词：道路工程 互通立交 高速公路 高密度立交 小净距立交 心理负荷 

分 类 号：U491.2[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]