我国陆区大地热流测量新进展与新认识  

Recent advances in heat flow measurement and new understanding of terrestrial heat flow distribution in terrestrial areas of China

作　　者：刘峰[1,2,3,4] 王贵玲 姜光政[5] 胡圣标 张薇 蔺文静[1,2] 刘金辉[7] 张心勇 屈泽伟[9] 廖传志 LIU Feng;WANG Guiling;JIANG Guangzheng;HU Shengbiao;ZHANG Wei;LIN Wenjing;LIU Jinhui;ZHANG Xinyong;QU Zewei;LIAO Chuanzhi(Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;Technological Innovation Center of Geothermal&Hot Dry Rock Exploration and Development,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;State Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geomechanics,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100083,China;College of Energy,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;Heilongjiang General Institute of Ecological Survey and Research,Harbin 150030,China;Sichuan Institute of Geological Engineering Investigation Group Co.Ltd.,Chengdu 610072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北石家庄050061 [2]自然资源部地热与干热岩勘查开发技术创新中心,河北石家庄050061 [3]多资源协同陆相页岩油绿色开采全国重点实验室,北京100083 [4]中国地质调查局非常规油气地质重点实验室,北京100083 [5]成都理工大学能源学院,四川成都610059 [6]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [7]东华理工大学,江西南昌330013 [8]黑龙江省生态地质调查研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [9]四川省地质工程勘察院集团有限公司,四川成都610072

出　　处：《地学前缘》2024年第6期19-30,共12页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目“我国陆区东南部大地热流和岩石圈热结构研究(YK202304)”;国家重点实验室开放课题“华北平原典型构造区地热资源形成背景与生热机制”;中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221676-1,DD20190128)。

摘　　要：大地热流值是开展地热研究的基础关键参数。本文在分析历次汇编热流数据的基础上,对2016年以来作者实测(260组)与收集筛选(112组)的热流数据特征进行了说明与分析。新增大地热流数据共372组,在空间上有效填补了西南、西北和东北地区的大片测点空白,提高了东部地区热流测点密度,同时将高质量测点数据占比提升至86.3%,较历次汇编的热流数据在覆盖范围、测点密度、数据质量等方面均有较大提升。依托以上热流数据统计得出我国陆区大地热流平均值为63.8 mW/m^(2),高于第四次汇编时的全国平均值,其中大部分一级、二级构造单元热流平均值均有提高,青藏高原各构造单元热流平均值则相对降低。典型地热系统热流数据统计显示,高热流背景的存在可明显提高传导型地热资源的分布范围与对流型地热系统的显示温度,但不是两类地热资源形成的控制因素。基于最新成果,对青藏高原低热流区域范围增大、华北平原早期热流“高估”、长白山热流指示岩浆囊存在等现象与问题进行了讨论,指出我国现有热流测点仍相对较少,随着大地热流值测量技术方法的不断更新与规范以及测点数量质量与覆盖范围的进一步提升,以往对各区域地热分布特征的定性与定量认知可能需要重新审视。以上成果加深了对全国及各区域地热背景的认识,可为区域地热基础研究及资源勘查提供更好的支撑。Terrestrial heat flow is a key parameter in geothermal researches.Building upon the analyses of previously compiled terrestrial heat flow data,this paper examines the newly measured(260 sets),collected and screened(112 sets)data by authors since 2016.The added heat flow data effectively filled large data gaps in the southwest,northwest and northeast and improved the data density in the eastern region of China mainland.The proportion of high-quality data was improved to 86.3%.Using the latest data the calculated average terrestrial heat flow in China was 63.8 mW/m^(2),higher than the national average value in the fourth compilation,with higher average values found for most of the primary and secondary tectonic units of China and lower values for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The statistics of heat-flow data of typical geothermal systems showed that high average heat flow conditions could significantly improve the distribution range of conductive geothermal resources and the output temperature of hot springs,but were not a controlling factor for the formation of the two types of geothermal resources.Based on the latest terrestrial heat flow data and contour map of China related phenomena and problems were discussed,such as the increase of low heat flow area in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the“overestimation”of early heat flow data in the North China Plain,and the existence of heat flow indicator magma sacs in the Changbai Mountain.It was noted that heat flow monitoring stations in China were still relatively few,and,with the continuous updating and standardization of the measurement methods,plus further improvements in data quantity/quality and sampling locations,the previously assessed regional heat flow characteristics might need to be re-examined.This study deepens the understanding of the status of terrestrial heat flow in China,and can provide better support for regional geothermal basic research and resource exploration.

关 键 词：大地热流 中国陆区 传导型地热资源 对流型地热资源 

分 类 号：P314[天文地球—固体地球物理学]