论近代陆王心学复兴的思想契机  

On the Intellectual Opportunities for the Modern Revival of Lu-Wang School of Mind-and-Heart

作　　者：范根生 FAN Gensheng

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《宁波大学学报（人文科学版）》2024年第6期88-98,共11页Journal of Ningbo University：Liberal Arts Edition

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“梁启超与近代岭南的心学思潮研究”(GD24LN02)。

摘　　要：明清之际,“王学狂禅论”“王学亡国论”等观点甚嚣尘上,学界掀起一股猛烈批判陆王心学的思潮。“王学”“陆王”“心学”等术语多在负面或贬义的语境中使用,用来表达对陆王心学批判或否定的态度。清代中期,自李绂之后,陆王心学陷入长期的沉寂状态。直到晚清,陆王心学才在程朱理学的复兴潮流下重新成为人们关注和讨论的对象。近代“经世佛学”的兴起,打破了儒佛之间严格的界限,陆王心学逐渐摆脱“王学狂禅论”的思想包袱,不再因与佛学有类似的表达和观点而饱受质疑与批判。晚清,一大批知识分子东渡日本,在日本深受“日本阳明学”运动的影响,并且接受“阳明学为明治维新原动力”的观点,主张阳明学是日本立国兴国的关键因素。由此,陆王心学进一步摆脱“王学亡国论”的思想枷锁,不再被认为是空疏、无用、亡国之学。这些为日后陆王心学的强势复兴扫除了思想上的障碍。During the Ming and Qing transition,views such as the“Critique of Wang Yangming’s Philosophy as Rampant Zen”and the“Theory of Wang’s Philosophy Leading to Dynastic Demise”were widely circulated,sparking a strong wave of criticism against the Lu-Wang School of Mind-and-Heart.By the mid-Qing period,following figures like Li Fu,terms such as“Wang’s Philosophy”“Lu-Wang School”and“School of Mind-and-Heart”gradually fell into obscurity in negative or derogatory contexts.It was not until the late Qing period,under the revival of Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism,that the Lu-Wang School regained attention and discussion.The rise of“Buddhism for Practical Affairs”in modern times broke the strict boundaries between Confucianism and Buddhism,allowing the Lu-Wang School to shed the ideological burden of the“Critique of Wang Yangming’s Philosophy as Rampant Zen”.It was no longer criticized for similarities with Buddhist expressions and views.In the late Qing period,many intellectuals traveled to Japan,where they were deeply influenced by the“Japanese Yangming Study”movement and accepted the view that“Yangming Study was a driving force behind the Meiji Restoration”.They argued that Yangming Study was key to Japan’s national development and prosperity.This further liberated the Lu-Wang School from the ideological shackles of the“Theory of Wang’s Philosophy Leading to Dynastic Demise”,no longer regarded as empty,impractical,or a philosophy of dynastic failure.These developments cleared the intellectual barriers for the robust revival of the Lu-Wang School of Mind-and-Heart in later times.

关 键 词：陆王心学 经世佛学 阳明学 日本 梁启超 

分 类 号：B248[哲学宗教—中国哲学]