隐显之间:戴震对汉宋之学的态度变更  

Between Concealment and Revelation:Dai Zhen s Changing Attitudes towards Han and Song Learning

作　　者：肖芬芳 Xiao Fenfang

机构地区：[1]苏州大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《常州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期78-86,共9页Journal of Changzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金一般项目“江南文化中的社会治理理念及其现实意义研究”(22JD011);苏州市社会科学基金一般项目“《苏州经学史》编纂”(SZQS202401)。

摘　　要：近代以来,在戴震研究中形成的一个经典判断是戴震思想有从宗程朱到反宋学的转变,但因为对戴震和考据学派关系的不同判断,学者将戴震思想转变的原因或系于颜李学派,或归于考据学派诸如惠栋的影响。近年来,有学者聚焦戴震独特的学习经历和学术方法,指出戴震早年并不服膺程朱,也没有受到惠栋的深刻影响。但这还没有解答戴震在不同时期对汉宋之学的态度差异问题以及戴震和考据学派的具体关系问题。通过仔细辨析戴震的思想文献,发现他一直都在判别汉宋学术,但因为其思想和学术环境之间具有紧张关系,所以其中存在“隐”“显”之别。戴震不仅早年在徽学环境中隐晦地反对程朱,中年以考据为职业后依然隐晦地指摘惠栋及其门人的治经方法是有缺陷的,认为惠栋“由汉代训诂以通义理”的治经方法,缺乏“由文字以通训诂”的小学方法。而戴震面对汉宋学术存在的“傅会凿空”之“私”“蔽”,力图用新的学术方法和构建新义理的闻道志向来补救汉宋学术之失,从而树立超越汉宋之学的学术典范。Since modern times,a classic judgment in the study of Dai Zhen is that his thoughts changed from adhering to Cheng-Zhu to opposing Song studies.However,due to different judgments on the relationship between Dai Zhen and the textual research school,scholars have attributed the reason for Dai Zhen s ideological change either to the Yan-Li school or to the influence of textual scholars such as Hui Dong.In recent years,some scholars have focused on Dai Zhen s unique learning experience and academic methods,and pointed out that Dai Zhen was not convinced by Cheng-Zhu in his early years and was not deeply influenced by Hui Dong.But these studies have not yet answered the question of Dai Zhen s different attitudes towards Han and Song studies in different periods and the specific relationship between Dai Zhen and the textual school.Through careful analysis of Dai Zhen s ideological literature,it is found that he had always differentiated Han and Song academics,but due to the tension between Dai Zhen s thoughts and the academic environment,there is a difference between“concealment”and“revelation”.Dai Zhen not only vaguely opposed Cheng-Zhu in the Hui study environment in his early years,but also implicitly criticized the exegetical methods of Hui Dong and his disciples after taking textual research as a career,pointing out that Hui Dong s exegetical method of“learning from texts in the Han Dynasty to ideas”was lacking in the traditional Chinese language learning method of“learning from words to text”.Faced with the“private”and“deceptive”practices of“a far-fetched interpretation of irrelevant matters”by the Han and Song academics,Dai Zhen attempted to resolve the deficiencies in Han and Song studies through new academic methods and the pursuit of new principles,thereby establishing an academic model that transcends both Han and Song academics.

关 键 词：戴震 汉宋观 惠栋 隐显 私蔽 

分 类 号：B24[哲学宗教—中国哲学]