低负荷功能性训练组合血流限制训练对高水平女子足球运动员体能及下肢非对称性的影响研究  

Effect of Functional Training Combined with Blood Flow Restriction Training on the Physical Fitness and Lower Limb Asymmetry of Female High-Level Football Players

作　　者：吕默然 李智恒 陶玉流[1] 许文鑫[2] 王迪[3] LYU Moran;LI Zhiheng;TAO Yuliu;XU Wenxin;WANG Di(Soochow University,Suzhou 215021,China;Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University,Hangzhou 310053,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学,江苏苏州215021 [2]福建师范大学,福建福州350117 [3]浙江中医药大学,浙江杭州310053

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2024年第10期20-30,共11页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏高校优势学科建设工程四期项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：目的:探究低负荷功能性训练组合血流限制训练对高水平女子足球运动员体能及下肢非对称性的影响。方法:选取18名高水平女子足球运动员为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各9人。实验组进行低负荷功能性训练结合血流限制训练,对照组进行高负荷功能性训练,训练共持续12周。在训练前后对受试者的等速肌力、爆发力、灵敏性、速度、下肢围度、皮褶厚度、身体功能性等指标进行测试。结果:1)实验组和对照组膝关节60°/s角速度峰力矩在训练后显著增强(P<0.05),组间未见显著差异(P>0.05)。2)实验组反向跳跃(countermovement jump,CMJ)、静蹲跳(squat jump,SJ)、30 m冲刺跑、T-test灵敏性、单腿前跳(single leg broad jump, SLBJ)、单腿纵跳(single leg counter movement jump,SLCMJ)、长传球成绩在训练后均显著提升(P<0.05),对照组SLBJ、SLCMJ、长传球、30 m冲刺跑、T-test成绩出现明显提升(P<0.05),但CMJ、SJ成绩未产生明显改变(P>0.05)。两组组间未见显著差异(P>0.05)。3)训练后,实验组功能性动作筛查(functional movement screen,FMS)测试中仅深蹲、前后分腿蹲成绩出现显著性提升(P<0.05),其余动作与对照组一致,并未发生明显变化(P>0.05),但从效应量可以看出,深蹲、前后分腿蹲等下肢测量动作以及FMS总分出现中等及较高程度差异变化。训练后实验组与对照组的Y-balance测试成绩均显著提升(P<0.05),但组间未见显著差异(P>0.05)。4)训练后,实验组和对照组下肢大腿围度显著增加、皮褶厚度显著下降(P<0.05),小腿围度和皮褶厚度变化并不显著(P>0.05),组间未见显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:低负荷功能性训练组合血流限制训练能够提升高水平女子足球运动员体能,改善下肢非对称性。较低的外部负荷训练可能降低运动员的损伤概率,因此低负荷功能性训练组合血流限制训练可能作为高负荷功能性训练和传统训练方式�Objective:To investigate the effect of low-load functional training combined blood flow restriction training on the physical fitness and lower limb asymmetry of high-level female football players.Methods:Eighteen high-level female football players were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,with 9 students in each group.The experimental group underwent low-load functional training combined with blood flow restriction training,and the control group underwent high-load functional training,and the training lasted for 12 weeks.Before and after training,the subjects were tested for isokinetic muscle strength,explosiveness,agility,speed,lower limb circumference,skinfold thickness,physical functionality and other indi‐cators.Results:1)The 60°/s angular velocity peak moment of the knee joint in the experimental group and the control group was significantly enhanced after training(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the groups(P>0.05).2)the results of countermovement jump(CMJ),squat jump(SJ),30 m sprint,T-test sensitivity,single leg broad jump(SLBJ),single leg coun‐ter movement jump(SLCMJ)and long pass were significantly improved after training(P<0.05),and the performance of SLBJ,SLCMJ,long pass,30 m sprint and T-test in the control group was significantly improved(P<0.05),but the results of CMJ and SJ did not change significantly(P>0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).3)after training,only the performance of squat and front and rear leg squat in the experimental group was signifi‐cantly improved(P<0.05),and the rest of the movements were consistent with those of the con‐trol group and did not change significantly(P>0.05),but from the effect size,it can be seen that there were moderate and high differences in the lower limb measurement movements such as squat,front and rear leg squats,and the total score of FMS.After training,the Y-balance test scores of the experimental group and the control group were significantly improved(P<0.05),but

关 键 词：功能性训练 血流限制训练 女子足球 高水平运动员 非对称性 体能 

分 类 号：G808.1[文化科学—体育训练]