轻微犯罪记录封存制度的背景、价值及其建构  

Background,Value,and Construction of the Minor Criminal Records Sealing System

作　　者：宋英辉 王贞会[3,4] Song Yinghui;Wang Zhenhui

机构地区：[1]最高人民检察院未成年人检察研究基地(北京师范大学) [2]华东政法大学青少年司法研究院 [3]中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院 [4]最高人民检察院检察基础理论研究基地(中国政法大学)

出　　处：《中共中央党校（国家行政学院）学报》2024年第5期35-47,共13页Journal of The Party School of The Central Committee of The C.P.C（Chinese Academy of Governance）

摘　　要：党的二十届三中全会提出建立轻微犯罪记录封存制度。这是在法治轨道上推进中国式现代化的必然要求,是完善轻重有别的犯罪治理制度与贯彻落实宽严相济刑事政策的重要载体,也是总结未成年人犯罪记录封存制度立法和实践经验基础上进行的制度拓展,对于落实刑法基本原则之要求、维护犯罪人的基本权利和促进犯罪人顺利回归社会、维护社会长久稳定等均有积极意义。在制度建构方面,应当设置合理的犯罪记录封存适用范围,将封存效果依法延伸至非规范领域,健全依职权和依申请的二元程序启动模式,明确相关主体的权利义务,完善从业禁止和入职查询规定,并完善相应的权利救济机制。The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed the establishment of a minor criminal records sealing system.This is an inevitable requirement for promoting the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity,an important carrier for implementing the criminal policy of balancing leniency and severity under the situation of minor crime governance,and the application and promotion of the legislation and practical experience of the juvenile criminal record sealing system in minor crimes committed by adults.It has positive significance for implementing the basic principles of criminal law,safeguarding the basic rights of criminals,promoting the smooth return of criminals to society,and maintaining long-term social stability.In terms of institutional construction,a reasonable scope of application for criminal records sealing should be set up,and the sealing effect should be extended to non-standard fields in accordance with the law.The dual procedure activation mode based on authority and application should be improved,and the rights and obligations of relevant parties should be clarified.The regulations on prohibition of employment and entry inquiry should be improved,and the corresponding rights relief mechanisms should be perfected.

关 键 词：轻微犯罪 犯罪记录封存 前科 附随后果 中国式现代化 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]