族群地域化及对民族共同体建构的影响:基于也门案例的分析  

Ethnic Regionalization and Its Influence on the Building of National Community:A Case Study Based on Yemen

作　　者：韩建伟[1] HAN Jianwei(Middle East Studies Institute,Shanghai International Studies University)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学中东研究所,上海200083

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2024年第6期99-122,157,158,共26页Arab World Studies

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“百年变局下中东族群问题及治理研究”(22JJD810038)的阶段性成果;教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地“十四五”重大培育项目(B类)(2022JDPB002)资助。

摘　　要：现代民族国家建构的一个重要目标就是将疆域内的多个族群整合为民族共同体。然而,当数个族群强化在各自聚居地内的身份认同时,就构成本文所指的“族群地域化”。族群地域化存在于西亚非洲地区的不少国家里,也门是很有代表性的一个案例。也门族群地域化的形成有国内地理环境、社会经济形态、教派认同差异及祖先认知分歧等方面的基础,而在也门民族国家建立及实现统一之后,政府有失公正甚至掠夺性的政策引起不同族群的抗争并以各自聚居地为基础的身份认同不断强化,进而发展出寻求地域内自治甚至独立的诉求。在也门西北部、南部、东部都呈现出族群地域化的趋势,其与构建民族共同体的目标渐行渐远。族群地域化不仅导致各族群身份认同的碎片化,且族群精英的外联化倾向令外部势力乘机介入也门局势,使得也门民族共同体建构的基础不断弱化,国家面临解构的风险上升;其进一步发展趋势取决于各派族群精英能否通过和解方式建立包容性政府框架。An important goal of modern nation-state building is to integrate multiple ethnic groups into a national community.However,when several ethnic groups strengthen their identities within their own settlements,this constitutes"ethnic regionalization"as referred to in this article.Ethnic regionalization exists in several countries in West Asia and Africa,and Yemen is a very representative case.The formation of ethnic regionalization in Yemen is based on domestic geographical environment,social and economic forms,differences in religious identity and ancestral cognition,etc.After the establishment and unification of the nation-state in Yemen,unfair and even predatory policies of the government had led to the struggle of different ethnic groups and the strengthening of their identities based on their settlements.As a result,the demands for regional autonomy and even independence began to develop.In the northwest,south and east of Yemen,there are the trends of ethnic regionalization,which are far away from the goal of building a national community.Ethnic regionalization has not only led to the fragmentation of ethnic identity,but also the outreaching tendency of ethnic elites has made external forces take the opportunity to intervene in the situation in Yemen,weakening the foundation of the building of national community in Yemen.The risk of dis-construction of the country has been rising.Its further development depends on whether the various ethnic elites can establish an inclusive governmental fram ework through reconciliation.

关 键 词：族群地域化 也门 民族共同体 身份认同 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]