检察公益诉讼的地方立法:理论反思与路径完善  

Local Legislation of Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation: Theoretical Reflection and Path Improvement

作　　者：范卫国 FAN Wei-guo(Law School of Southwest University,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学法学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2024年第6期93-107,共15页Administrative Law Review

基　　金：2018年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“环境民事公益诉讼执行制度研究”(项目批号:18cfx031)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：为解决我国检察公益诉讼制度的条文稀疏、内容简略问题,学界先后提出了补充立法、司法解释等立法完善模式,但依然无力破解检察公益诉讼制度与地方实践“供需失衡”的困境。在检察公益诉讼专门立法尚付阙如的背景下,各地立法机关逐渐以“决定”等方式探索实施检察公益诉讼地方立法。然而,检察公益诉讼地方立法虽存在诉讼主体需要与权力机关支持的双重动力,但也面临“立法保留事项”和“备案审查制度”的双重阻力,需要在“执行性立法”的性质定位下寻找制度空间和理论支持。未来的检察公益诉讼地方立法应当厘清权力运作的统一性与灵活性、功能发挥的从属性与阶段性、基本内容的特色性与可行性等多元关系,通过明确检察公益诉讼地方立法的适配模式、形式体例以及立法内容,确保检察公益诉讼实践依法、规范、有序实施。In order to solve the problem of sparse provisions and simple content of the procuratorial public interest litigation system in China, the academic community has put forward the legislative improvement model such as supplementary legislation and judicial interpretation, but it is still unable to solve the dilemma of “supply-demand imbalance” between the procuratorial public interest litigation system and local practice.Under the background of the lack of special legislation on procuratorial public interest litigation, the local legislatures have gradually explored the implementation of local legislation on procuratorial public interest litigation by means of “decision”.However, although the local legislation of procuratorial public interest litigation has the dual motivation of the need for litigation subjects and the support of power organs, it also faces the dual resistance of “legislative reservations” and “filing review system”, and needs to find institutional space and theoretical support under the nature of “executive legislation”.The future local legislation on procuratorial public interest litigation should clarify the unified and flexible exercise of power, the subordination and stage of functional play, as well as the characteristics and feasibility of basic content.It should ensure the legal, standardized and orderly implementation of procuratorial public interest litigation practice by clarifying the adaptation mode, form and legislative content of local legislation on procuratorial public interest litigation.

关 键 词：检察公益诉讼 地方立法 立法权限 执行性立法 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学] D926.3[政治法律—法学]