高寒牧区家庭厕肥对沙地植被恢复的短期促进效应  

Short⁃term promotion effect of household manure on vegetation restoration in sandy land of alpine pastoral area

作　　者：苟小林[1] 补春兰 周青平[2,3] 王恒 张伟 涂卫国[1] GOU Xiaolin;BU Chunlan;ZHOU Qingping;WANG Heng;ZHANG Wei;TU Weiguo(Sichuan Province Natural Resources Science Academy,Chengdu 610015,China;Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Chengdu 610041,China;Sichuan Academy of Environmental policy&planning,Chengdu 610093,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省自然资源科学研究院,成都610015 [2]西南民族大学,成都610041 [3]四川若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,成都610041 [4]四川省环境政策研究与规划院,成都610093

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第22期10200-10211,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：四川省重点研发项目(2023YFS0379);四川省重点研发项目(2023YFS0479);四川省级科研院所基本科研业务费(2023JDKY0001);四川省重点研发项目(2022YFN0064)。

摘　　要：为明确高寒牧区家庭厕肥是否对沙化地植被恢复具有促进效应,以若尔盖高寒牧区为对象,选择沙化地进行植被恢复,研究对比牧区家庭厕肥与牧区牛羊粪肥对植被恢复的短期促进效应,分析两种处理对植被恢复、土壤理化性质、土壤微生物、土壤酶活性的影响,探讨高寒牧区家庭厕肥对沙化生态恢复的适用性。研究结果表明:两种补肥都促进了植被的生长,短期内植被盖度提高超过60%,先锋草本燕麦能够形成有效覆盖;两种补肥都降低了土壤pH值,增加了土壤水分含量;两种补肥使土壤中碳、氮、磷养分含量显著增加,土壤全氮含量超过0.8 g/kg;两种补肥促进了土壤中微生物量碳、氮、磷含量增加,也增加了土壤酶活性,土壤脲酶活性增加了2—3倍。高寒牧区家庭厕肥短期促进沙化地植被恢复与传统牛羊粪肥功能相似,研究认为家庭厕肥适用于高寒牧区沙化地生态恢复。建议可以将高寒牧区改厕的家庭厕肥与传统牛羊粪肥配比施用,在进行标准化和无公害处理后应用于沙化生态恢复。In order to clarify whether household manure has a promoting effect on vegetation restoration in the desertified land of alpine pastoral areas,the short⁃term effects between household manure and manure from cattle and sheep were compared on vegetation restoration of sandy land in the Zoige alpine pastoral area,with the effects of the two treatments on vegetation restoration,soil physicochemical properties,soil microbes and soil enzyme activities.The aim is to assess the applicability of household manure for ecological restoration in high⁃altitude pastoral regions facing desertification.The results showed that both types of fertilizers promoted vegetation growth,with vegetation coverage increasing by over 60%in the short term.Notably,the pioneer herb Avena sativa effectively formed ground cover.Both fertilizers decreased soil pH,increased soil moisture content,and significantly increased the content of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil,with the total nitrogen content exceeding 0.8 g/kg.Microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil also increased under the both fertilizers,accompanied by an increase in soil enzyme activities,particularly a 2—3 times increase in soil urease activity.The short⁃time function of household manure supplementation in promoting vegetation restoration in alpine pastoral areas was similar to that of traditional organic fertilizer derived from cattle and sheep manure.Consequently,household manure appeared suitable for ecological restoration in the desertified land within alpine pastoral areas.It is recommended to combine the household manure from rural toilet renovation in alpine pastoral areas with traditional cattle and sheep manure.After undergoing standardized and pollution⁃free treatment,the mixture can be applied to desertification ecological restoration efforts.

关 键 词：青藏高原 草地沙化 植被恢复 土壤 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]