小兴安岭沼泽湿地时空演变特征及其驱动机制  

Spatio⁃temporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of wetlands in Xiaoxing′an Mountains

作　　者：高炜 杜以鑫 朱丹瑶 万鲁河[1,3] GAO Wei;DU Yixin;ZHU Danyao;WAN Luhe(College of Geographical Sciences,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China;College of Computer and Mathematics,Harbin Finance University,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Wuyiling Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Yichun 153000,China;Department of Geography,Mudanjiang Normal University,Mudanjiang 157012,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院,哈尔滨150025 [2]哈尔滨金融学院计算机与数学学院,哈尔滨150030 [3]黑龙江乌伊岭湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,伊春153000 [4]牡丹江师范学院地理系,牡丹江157012

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第22期10271-10286,共16页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071079);黑龙江省哲学社会科学扶持共建项目(22GLE385);哈尔滨金融学院校级项目(E022023008);黑龙江省自然科学基金(TD2023D005)。

摘　　要：以小兴安岭草本沼泽湿地、灌丛沼泽湿地、森林沼泽湿地为研究对象,选取1975、1985、1995、2005、2015年5个时间截面,利用标准差椭圆、地理探测器等分析方法探究小兴安岭三类沼泽湿地损失的驱动机制,研究表明:①1975—2015年小兴安岭草本沼泽、灌丛沼泽、森林沼泽湿地面积均减少,灌丛沼泽湿地沼泽率最低,草本沼泽面积损失最大;②三类沼泽湿地质心均不同程度地向西北偏移,森林沼泽质心迁移距离最长;③沼泽湿地损失具有时空分异性,1975—1995年沼泽湿地损失主要是人类活动干扰造成的,小兴安岭北部和中部沼泽湿地损失的主要驱动因素是耕地面积增加、放牧以及人口增长造成的;耕地面积增加、煤炭开采以及人口数量增长是小兴安岭南部沼泽湿地损失的主要驱动因素。1995—2015年自然环境变化对沼泽损失的解释力变大,年冻融厚度、年降水量等自然环境因素对沼泽湿地损失的影响逐渐增强。40年间,草本沼泽损失是人类活动干扰以及自然环境变化共同驱动的产物;④不同驱动因子间的交互作用促进沼泽湿地的损失。研究结果为我国北方高寒地区沼泽湿地的保护提供理论支撑。Wetlands are known as the“kidneys of the earth”and play an important role in regulating climate,preventing floods and storing water,protecting biodiversity and purifying water sources.In recent years,with global environmental changes and interference from human activities,wetlands around the world are experiencing rapid and large⁃scale degradation.The degradation and loss of wetlands will have a negative impact on the human living environment,and are also an important reason for the frequent occurrence of natural disasters such as floods and typhoons.Therefore,wetland protection has become a hot issue of concern around the world.Xiaoxing′an Mountains are located in the mid⁃temperate zone of China and have developed many wetlands with unique ecological functions.However,over the past few decades,wetlands have been damaged by a series of production and construction activities such as agricultural reclamation and deforestation,as well as the impact of environmental changes.The spatio⁃temporal changes and driving mechanism of the herbaceous wetlands,shrub wetlands,and forest wetlands were explored in the Xiaoxing′an Mountains in 1975,1985,1995,2005,and 2015,using the methods of standard deviation ellipses and geographical detectors.Results indicated that:①The areas of herbaceous wetlands,shrub wetlands,and forest wetlands in Xiaoxing′an Mountains has decreased during forty years.The shrub wetlands had the lowest wetland rate and the area of herbaceous wetland lost the most.②The wetland centroids of herbaceous wetlands,shrub wetlands,and forest wetlands all were shifted to the northwest by varying degrees,and the centroid of forest wetland had the longest migration distance.③The wetland loss had spatiotemporal differentiation.The wetland loss was mainly caused by the interference of human activities from 1975 to 1995,and the increase of cultivated land area,grazing,and population growth were the main wetland loss drivers in the northern and central part of the Xiaoxing′an Mountains,and the sout

关 键 词：小兴安岭 沼泽湿地 驱动机制 地理探测器 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]