不同提取和干燥方法对铁皮石斛花挥发油成分的影响  

Effects of different extraction and drying methods on the components of volatile oil from Dendrobium officinale flower

作　　者：钱贵芸 杨芳芳 徐剑 张永萍 刘杰 QIAN Gui-yun;ANG Fang-fang;XU Jan;ZHANG Yong-ping;LIU Ji(School of Pharmacy,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;National Miao Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing and Formulation Engineering Technology Research Center,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中医药大学药学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]国家苗药工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州中药炮制与制剂工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《粮食与油脂》2024年第12期61-71,共11页Cereals & Oils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1812403-2);国家苗药工程技术研究中心能力提升项目(2023-006);贵州省高层次创新型人才项目(GCC-2023-037)。

摘　　要：采用GC-MS法分析比较5种提取方法、5种干燥方法获得的铁皮石斛花挥发油的化学成分,探索铁皮石斛花挥发油的最佳提取工艺及干燥工艺。结果表明:从水蒸气蒸馏法、超声提取法、索氏提取法、微波萃取法、超临界CO_(2)萃取法提取的铁皮石斛花挥发油中分别鉴定出51、45、42、51、13种成分。从冷冻干燥、微波干燥、真空干燥、热风干燥及自然干燥的铁皮石斛花挥发油中分别鉴定出92、84、101、86.67种成分。水蒸气蒸馏法更适用于铁皮石斛花挥发油的提取,其中棕榈酸的相对含量较高;超临界CO_(2)萃取法与其他提取方法的差异较大,提取的挥发油成分主要以酸类与酯类为主。真空干燥法在保留铁皮石斛花挥发油化学成分方面表现较好,其中苯乙醇的相对含量较高;自然干燥与其他干燥方法的差异性最大,提取的挥发油成分主要以烯烃类和醛类为主。The chemical components of volatile oil from Dendrobium officinale flower obtained by five ex-traction methods and five drying methods were analyzed and compared by GC-MS to explore the optimal extraction and drying processes for the volatile oil from Dendrobium officinale flower.The results showed that 51,45,42,51 and 13 components were identified respectively from the volatile oil from Dendrobium oficinale by steam distillation,ultrasonic extraction,Soxhlet extraction,microwave extraction,supercriti-cal CO_(2) extraction.A total of 92,84,101,86 and 67 components were identified from the volatile oil from Dendrobium officinale by freeze drying,microwave drying,vacuum drying,hot air drying and natu-ral drying.Steam distillation was more suitable for extracting volatile oil from Dendrobium officinale flow-ers,and the relative content of palmitic acid was high.Supercritical CO_(2) extraction was significantly dif-ferent from other extraction methods,and the components of volatile oil extracted were mainly acids and esters.Vacuum drying method performed well in preserving the chemical composition of the volatile oil from Dendrobium oficinale flowers,and the relative content of phenylethanol was high.The difference between natural drying and other drying methods was the biggest,and the components of volatile oil ex-tracted were mainly olefins and aldehydes.

关 键 词：铁皮石斛花 挥发油 提取方法 干燥方法 化学成分分析 

分 类 号：TS225.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]