从天人角度看《庄子》的情气交通与抒情品质  

From Zhuangzi's Perspective:The Interweaving of Lyricism(Qing)and Vitalism(Qi)

作　　者：赖锡三 LAI Shi-shan(Department of Chinese,National Sun Yat-sen University,Kaohsiung 80424,China)

机构地区：[1]台湾中山大学中文系,中国台湾高雄80424

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期1-21,共21页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：《庄子》绝不否定“情境”中的“情感”流动这一“情实”,而且更在意什么样的情感品质是美好的、适宜的、自然的状态。其中关键便在于“情能否通”“情能否宜”“情能否化而不固”,在“气论-抒情”的框架中,思考《庄子》在“承认”情境中的情感兴发流动的前提上,如何进一步讨论抒情的“品质”问题,而不是“情感”的有无问题。《庄子》为何经常被误解为情感否定论者,一般人想起《庄子》,很容易想起“无情”或“忘情”之说,不免对《庄子》产生“否定情感”(无情)或“超越情感”(忘情)的笼统印象。这种既定印象,可能来自对《庄子》两则有名故事的浅解或误读,一则是有关庄子和惠施对“有情与无情”的论辩,另一则是有关庄子妻死却鼓盆而歌的无情形象。对这两段故事所涉及的问题,进行再澄清、讨论,希望复归《庄子》有关抒情品质的用心所在。总之,《庄子》所要“无”的情、“忘”的情,无非是那种我们的妄想可固持不放的是非之心、偏见之情,而“无”掉了这种挂于一端一偏的心绪情思,人生绝不是走向空洞光秃的心灵白板,反而迎来更丰富、更自由,也更加优质的情感状态。In other words,Zhuangzi never negates the“inclination-fact”that“inclinations”flow and wander within the“situation”;however,this book even expresses concern about what kind of quality of inclination as the perfect,appropriate and natural state?The crucial point lies in“Whether inclinations or affection can be appropriateness or not and transformation without constancy?”This paper,within the framework of“Vitalism-Lyricism”,is to ponder on the premise that Zhuang zi“admits”the flourishing and floating inclinations and how to further discuss the issue of the“quality”of lyricism rather than existence or not of“inclination”.However,in face of the dilemma over the tendency,why is Zhuangzi normally misunderstood as negating inclinations?Conventional viewpoints upon Zhuangzi are more likely to arouse the theoretical assertions of“Non-inclination”and“Oblivion of Inclination”along with the primitive impression of“negating inclinations(non-inclination)”or“transcending inclinations(oblivion of inclination)”.The stereotype may arise from the shallow or misleading interpretations on the two famous stories in Zhuangzi.One discusses the arguments over“Inclination and Non-inclination”between Zhuangzi and Huizi,while the other illustrates the non-inclinational image that Zhuangzi squats on the floor singing,accompanying himself by pounding on an overturned washtub held between his splayed legs over his wife's death.The following issues of these two stories will be respectively clarified and discussed with anticipation to retreat to Zhuangzi's intentions in regard to the quality of lyricism.What Zhuangzi attempts to“non”and“oblivion”of inclinations is our firmly-held affirmation over right and wrong along with prejudice.Despite“non”of the biased inclination,our lives never turn into the hollow spiritual domain but embrace the more abundant,free and better inclinations.

关 键 词：《庄子》 情 抒情 气 气化 无情 

分 类 号：B223.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]