合成生物学的发展与展望  

Recent Progress and Prospects of Synthetic Biology

作　　者：周军[1] 于水 周永丰[2] ZHOU Jun;YU Shui;ZHOU Yongfeng(Division of Research Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学科学技术发展研究院,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学化学化工学院,上海200240

出　　处：《功能高分子学报》2024年第6期549-558,共10页Journal of Functional Polymers

基　　金：教育部科技委2022年战略研究重大项目(22ZD039);上海交通大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金战略研究课题(23X010100112)。

摘　　要：合成生物学集合了传统生物学、工程学及数学的知识体系和方法,通过建立人工系统创造或改造生命体从而理解生命、应用生命。在可持续发展的背景下,合成生物学的绿色、可再生的优点使其成为21世纪以来研究的热点。然而,合成生物学依然面临着许多亟待解决的问题,如设计过程中的不可预测性、规模化生产中成本较高、政策法规相对滞后等。本文在介绍合成生物学发展的基础上,重点介绍了合成生物学在高分子材料、化工、生物医药、食品以及能源领域的应用,分析了合成生物学目前产业化现状、所面临的问题以及未来发展的机遇。Synthetic biology combines the knowledge systems and methods of traditional biology,engineering,and mathematics.It creates or modifies living organisms by establishing artificial systems to understand and apply life.In the context of sustainable development,the green and renewable advantages of synthetic biology have made it a hot research topic since the 21st century.However,synthetic biology still faces many problems that urgently need to be solved,such as unpredictability in the design process,high costs in large-scale production,and relatively lagging policies and regulations.In view of the lack of systematic discussion on the latest research progress of synthetic biology,this review introduces the development process of synthetic biology,focusing on its applications in polymer materials,chemical engineering,biomedicine,food,and energy fields.Firstly,the breakthrough progress and development stages of synthetic biology over the past 20 years are introduced in detail.Then,the practical application of synthetic biology is introduced through examples,demonstrating its importance in different application directions.The synthetic biology industry is roughly divided into upstream,midstream,and downstream companies,and is supported by laws and regulations.The amount of investment and financing in synthetic biology is constantly increasing.Finally,to propose suggestions for the healthy development of synthetic biology,it is necessary to develop disciplines such as bioengineering,chemical engineering,and fermentation engineering to reduce costs and strengthen supervision to prevent synthetic biology deviating from the development track.This review aims to effectively promote the rational design and industrialization process of synthetic biology.

关 键 词：合成生物学 高分子材料 医药 食品 能源 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]