种植密度对宽幅播种小麦开花后旗叶光合特性和干物质积累与转运的影响  

Effects of Planting Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation and Transport in Flag Leaves of Wheat after Anthesis Under Wide-Sowing Conditions

作　　者：孔令英 张振 赵俊晔[1] 石玉[2] 于振文[2] KONG Lingying;ZHANG Zhen;ZHAO Junye;SHI Yu;YU Zhenwen(Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Service Technology,Agricultural Information Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Farming,Ministry of Agriculture,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所农业部农业信息服务技术重点实验室,北京100081 [2]山东农业大学农学院/小麦育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2024年第12期1573-1579,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172114,31601243);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03);泰山学者工程专项(202211094)。

摘　　要：为明确种植密度对宽幅播种小麦开花后旗叶光合特性和干物质积累与转运的影响,以济麦22为材料,设置4种种植密度,分别为9.0×10^(5)株·hm^(-2)(M1)、1.8×10^(6)株·hm^(-2)(M2)、2.7×10^(6)株·hm^(-2)(M3)、3.6×10^(6)株·hm^(-2)(M4),分析不同种植密度下小麦开花后旗叶光合特性和干物质积累与转运的差异。结果表明,与M1、M4处理相比,M2处理下小麦灌浆中后期旗叶叶绿素相对含量显著提高,开花后0~28 d平均最大光化学效率分别提高3.55%和4.65%,实际光化学效率分别提高10.57%和14.85%,光化学猝灭系数分别提高3.81%、8.00%,花后0~28 d旗叶平均蔗糖含量分别提高11.78%和15.74%,磷酸蔗糖含量分别提高23.95%和43.29%。M2处理的开花期和成熟期小麦干物质积累量、籽粒产量、花后光合物质积累量及其对产量的贡献率均显著高于其他处理。由此可见,适宜的种植密度能够改善宽幅播种小麦花后旗叶光合特性,促进花后光合物质生产和积累,进而获得高产。本试验条件下宽幅播种小麦以种植密度为1.8×10^(6)株·hm^(-2)最优。In order to determine the effects of planting density on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and transport in flag leaves of wide-sowing wheat after anthesis,four planting densities were set up,using Jimai 22 as the material:9.0×105 plants·hm^(-2)(M1),1.8×10^(6)plants·hm^(-2)(M2),2.7×10^(6)plants·hm^(-2)(M3),and 3.6×10^(6)plants·hm^(-2)(M4).The photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and transport of flag leaves after anthesis were compared and analyzed under different planting densities.The results showed that compared with M1 and M4 treatments,M2 treatment significantly improved the relative content of chlorophyll,maximum photochemical efficiency,actual photochemical efficiency,and photochemical quenching coefficient of flag leaves in the middle and later grain-filling stages,which was conducive to photosynthesis and increased the production of photosynthetic substances.Sucrose content and sucrose phosphate synthase activity of flag leaves under M2 treatment were significantly higher than those under M1 and M4 treatments,which was conducive to the transport of photosynthetic products to grains.The accumulation of dry matter at anthesis and maturity of M2 treatment was significantly higher than that of M1,M3 and M4 treatments,which laid a foundation for high yield.M2 treatment significantly increased the distribution of dry matter in seeds after anthesis,which was conducive to the formation of grain weight.The highest grain dry matter accumulation at maturity was obtained by M2 treatment.In conclusion,suitable planting density can improve the photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves after anthesis and promote the accumulation of dry matter in seeds after anthesis,which is conducive to obtaining high yield.In this experiment,the planting density of 180×10^(4)plants·hm^(-2)was the best for wide-sowing wheat.

关 键 词：冬小麦 宽幅播种 种植密度 光合特性 干物质积累与转运 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311