战后秩序下的卫生愿景:1922-1923年国联卫生官员华爱德的东方调研  

Health Vision in the Post-War Order:The Oriental Research of Norman White,the League of Nations’Health Officer in 1922-1923

作　　者：杨祥银 韩亮 Yang Xiangyin;Han Liang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院

出　　处：《江海学刊》2024年第6期203-214,256,共13页Jianghai Academic Journal

摘　　要：第一次世界大战结束后,跨国卫生治理成为战后各国的普遍需求之一。1920年,为应对东欧疫情,国际联盟流行病委员会成立,不久后又衍生出国联卫生委员会。随着国联的卫生工作在欧洲日渐顺利,国联卫生委员会中的日本官员宫岛干之助向前者提议介入东方疫情的防治工作。这一提议随即获得了时任卫生委员会医务主任拉西曼的认可,并逐渐得到推动和落实。于是便有了1922—1923年国联流行病委员会首席专员华爱德的东方调研。同时,因宫岛将中国上海、东北等地视为远东疾病传播的中心和发源地,中国也成为此次调研的焦点之一。经过实地走访和信息交流,华爱德驳斥了宫岛原有的论断,并对东方地区的防疫现状提出了一系列改进建议,其中便包括在新加坡设立国联卫生组织东方局。华爱德此行标志着国际联盟正式参与到欧洲以外的跨国卫生治理中,也折射出战后秩序下卫生建设事业的多重维度和复杂面向。Transnational health governance became one of the post-war countries’common needs after the end of World War I.In this context,the League of Nations Health Committee came into being.To intervene in epidemic prevention and control in the Far East,the League sent Chief Commissioner Norman White to the Fast East to investigate the epidemic situation in 1922-1923.After a field visit and exchange of information,Norman White made a series of suggestions to improve the current situation of epidemic prevention in the Far East,including establishing the Far East Epidemiological Bureau in Singapore.The visit marked the formal involvement of the League of Nations in transnational health governance outside Europe and reflected the multiple dimensions and complexity of health construction in the post-war order.

关 键 词：华爱德 国际联盟 跨国卫生 东方调研 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生] K151[历史地理—历史学]