早期中国“同异”学说  

Sameness and Difference:The Theory of"Tong"and"Yi"in Early China

作　　者：姚裕瑞 YAO Yurui

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学哲学系,北京100088

出　　处：《学术月刊》2024年第11期16-31,共16页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：早期中国哲学的“同”“异”概念及相关的“同异”学说不仅仅是一个逻辑学的问题,它同时具有更加复杂的面向和维度。在宇宙和自然的领域中,它是指作为本原和初始状态的“一”与不断分化、分散出的事物之“多”的关系问题;在语言和名称的世界中,它是在说名实之间的可通约性、差异性及如何正当命名和言说的问题;在伦理和社会的领域中,它是关涉人类相似性与区别及如何对人群分类、定位和确立人伦秩序的问题;在政治上它是公共领域的共识与多元性的关系问题;在文化上它是统一与偏好、认同与开放的关系问题。春秋战国以降“诸侯力政”的时代背景下,子学家们正是通过辨别同异、对错、是非、善恶等,以此来重建宇宙与社会的正当与秩序。对于“同异”学说各个维度的考察,有助于完整地呈现早期中国丰富复杂的共同性、差异性与多样性思想。The concept of"Tong"("同")and"Yi"("异")along with the related theory of sameness and difference in early Chinese philosophy is not merely a logical issue,it encompasses more complex dimensions and aspects.In the realm of the universe and nature,it addresses the relationship between the"one"as the primordial and initial state and the"many"as continuously differentiated and dispersed aspects of the real world.In the world of language and names,it discusses the differences,negotiability between names and realities,and the issues of how to appropriately name and speak.In the ethical and social domain,it involves the"similarity"and"difference"among humans,the classification and positioning of people,and the establishment of ethical order.Politically,it delves into the consensus and diversity in the public sphere.Culturally,it explores the relationship between unity and preference,identity and openness in the academic knowledge domain.In the context of the competition among major states during the Spring and Autumn periods and Warring States period,scholars of various schools used the discernment of sameness and difference,right and wrong,good and evil,etc.to reconstruct the legitimacy and order of the universe and society.An examination of the various dimensions of the"Tong-Yi"theory contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the rich and intricate thoughts on sameness,difference,and diversity in early Chinese philosophy.

关 键 词：同异 诸子学 共同性 差异性 多样性 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]