食用菌核质杂种研究现状及遗传机制  

Research progress and genetic mechanism of nuclear-cytoplasmic hybrids in edible fungi

作　　者：宋春艳[1] 宋晓霞[1] 张美彦[1] 陈明杰[1] 尚晓冬[1] 谭琦[1] SONG Chunyan;SONG Xiaoxia;ZHANG Meiyan;CHEN Mingjie;SHANG Xiaodong;TAN Qi(Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization(South),Ministry of Agriculture,National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi,Institute of Edible Fungi,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所,农业农村部南方食用菌资源利用重点实验室,国家食用菌工程技术研究中心,上海201403

出　　处：《菌物学报》2024年第11期1-18,共18页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1201604)。

摘　　要：随着栽培模式的不断标准化,中国食用菌商业栽培菌种的遗传多样性逐步集中,主要为少量优秀栽培品种的衍生品种。面对不能轻易替换细胞核来源的现状,仅替换细胞质来源的核质杂种培育方式将是一个好的食用菌商业菌种改良方式。本文对食用菌核质杂种研究现状和遗传机制两方面进行了综述,希望能为食用菌核质杂种技术的推广应用提供理论保障,为我国食用菌品种选育事业作出贡献。首先在阐述食用菌核质杂种概念、食用菌核质杂种获得方法特点基础上,明确食用菌种内不同基因型间核质杂种培育技术稳定出菇、核质来源明确、显著改变繁殖率的优势。其次,明确食用菌核质杂种遗传机制包括双亲细胞核配合、细胞核和线粒体配合两方面:双亲细胞核竞争式协作调控异核菌丝体的营养生长和生殖生长,其中一个亲本核在基因表达量上占优势,为优势核;线粒体结构正确组装和功能正常发挥是核质杂种中细胞核和线粒体配合成功的关键,特别是氧化磷酸化系统中由细胞核和线粒体基因组共同编码的复合体。With the continuous standardization of cultivation patterns,the genetic diversity researches of commercial cultivated edible fungi in China is gradually focused on the main derived varieties of a few excellent cultivars.In the face of the situation that nuclear source cannot be easily replaced,the nuclear-cytoplasmic hybridization method simply replacing cytoplasmic source will be a good way to improve commercial cultivars.In this study,the research progress and genetic mechanism of nuclear-cytoplasmic hybrids in edible fungi were reviewed in hope of providing theoretical support for promotion and application of nuclear-cytoplasmic hybrid technology for edible fungi in China.The concept and characteristics of nuclear-cytoplasmic hybridization method for edible fungi were expounded.The advantages of definition of intraspecific nuclear-cytoplasmic hybrids with different genotypes,stabilizing fruiting capacity,clearing nuclear and cytoplasm sources and changing reproduction rate were also expounded.The genetic mechanism of nuclear-cytoplasmic hybrids in edible fungi was concerned in two aspects:coordination between two parental nuclei and between nucleus and mitochondria.Two parental nuclei regulate vegetative growth and reproduction of the heterokaryotic mycelia with competitive coordination,in which one parental nucleus is dominant in total gene expression and is named as dominated nucleus.Mitochondrial structure assembled correctly and functioned normally are the key to the successful coordination of nuclei and mitochondria in the nuclear-cytoplasmic hybrid,especially the complex co-encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in the oxidative phosphorylation system.

关 键 词：食用菌 核质杂种 细胞质遗传 线粒体 共同进化 品种改良 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]