从认知语义学看汉语“部分”量词的量化功能  

Quantification Function of Chinese“Partitive”Classifiers:From the Perspective of Cognitive Semantics

作　　者：孙竞 SUN Jinɡ(School of Humanities,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 102299)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学人文学院中文系,北京102299

出　　处：《汉语学习》2024年第6期48-58,共11页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“法庭论辩话语的多维度研究”(项目编号:23BYY185)的资助。

摘　　要：从认知语义学的角度探讨汉语“部分”量词的语义功能,指出“部分”量词可以增加描写的详细度,在这个意义上它不是强制性的。相比之下,“部分抽取”功能使它具有句法上的强制性。文章讨论了汉语是否有复合量和连续量的语法标记,认为个体量词和“部分”量词在切割语境下可以各自实现复合量预设与连续量预设。最后文章提出“全量承诺”假设,并在这一假设基础上分析了汉语表达部分量的手段。This paper divide count nouns into homogeneous ones and non-homogeneous ones,and analyze the semantic difference between them.Then the semantic functions of partitive classifiers are investigated,we argue that partitive classifiers can enhance the specificity of description,in this sense their occurrence are not compulsory;On the other hand,portion-excerpting function makes them be syntactically compulsory.Thirdly,we discuss the issue whether Mandarin Chinese has the composite quantity markers and continuous quantity markers,and point out that individual classifiers can presuppose the existence of composite quantities while partitive classifiers can presuppose the existence of continuous quantities in dividing contexts.Lastly,this paper proposes an assumption of“maximum-quantity commitment”,and thus discusses the ways of expressing partitive quantities in Chinese.

关 键 词：“部分”量词 个体量词 复合量/连续量 全量/部分量 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]