汉语词尾“了”是先时标记吗?  

Is the Chinese Verbal Particle Le an Anterior Tense Marker?

作　　者：许钊 XU Zhɑo(Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史研究中心/文学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《汉语学习》2024年第6期59-68,共10页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“汉语情态与体的同现限制研究”(项目编号:23BYY042)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：汉语词尾“了”并非先时标记。一方面,“了”在最简结构句中不一定编码句子的过去时意义;另一方面,“了”不具备独立表达相对过去时意义的语法功能。因此,无论从绝对时还是相对时的角度来看,词尾“了”都不能被定义为先时标记。在此基础上,从体貌角度对“了”的功能进一步探讨,指出“了”起到了将概念情状转化为现实情状的实现体功能,并对转换的机制和类型进行了分析,为研究时间结构与时体特征这两个层面的相互关系做好准备。This paper argues that the Chinese verbal particle“le”is not an anterior tense marker.On the one hand,in the simplest structural sentences,the use of“le”does not necessarily encode past tense.On the other hand,“le”does not have an independent grammatical function that expresses relative past tense.Therefore,from both the absolute tense and relative tense perspectives,“le”cannot be classified as an anterior tense marker.On this basis,the paper further discusses the function of“le”from the perspective of aspect,arguing that“le”serves to convert a conceptual situation into a realized situation,thereby functioning as a marker of actualized aspect.The paper then analyzes the mechanisms and types of this conversion,preparing for an exploration of the interaction between temporal structure and aspectual features.

关 键 词：“了” 时 体 情状 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]