沙漠地区光伏电站风沙问题治理措施及策略  

Control measures and strategies for wind-sand problems of photovoltaic power stations in desert areas

作　　者：尚小伟 刘建国 卫建军 王伊蒙 Shang Xiaowei;Liu Jianguo;Wei Jianjun;Wang Yimeng(Northwest Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.of China Power Engineering Consulting Group,Xi′an 710075,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands/Research Station of Gobi Desert Ecology and Environment in Dunhuang of Gansu Province,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院有限公司,陕西西安710075 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室/敦煌戈壁荒漠生态与环境研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《能源与环保》2024年第11期159-167,共9页CHINA ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

基　　金：中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院项目(HQ2023PTD003);中国科学院青年创新促进会优秀会员项目(Y202085)。

摘　　要：为了实现“碳达峰”和“碳中和”目标,针对荒漠地区光伏电站所面临的风沙堆积、掏蚀和脆弱生态环境的可持续性等问题,探讨最佳的生态建设与应用方案。研究通过实地调研沙漠地区已建成的光伏电站,并结合遥感数据分析,收集了沙漠光伏电站的风沙防治措施和原始植被状况,总结了光伏电站现有的风沙防治模式,计算了不同模式光伏电站的植被覆盖度变化。结果显示,采用风沙防治模式有助于提升光伏电站内的植被覆盖度,实现生态恢复。所调研光伏电站从2011年到2022年生长季平均植被覆盖度从8.5%提升到10.5%,最大植被覆盖度从33.6%提升到57.9%。研究建议根据不同地区的地表条件、气候环境和水源等要素的差异,采用针对性的治理措施和模式,以更有效地应对不同地区光伏电站面临的风沙问题,提高治理效果,推动光伏电站的可持续发展,为荒漠地区的太阳能电站建设提供参考。In order to achieve the goals of"carbon peaking"and"carbon neutrality",exploring the best ecological construction and application solutions to address the problems faced by PV power plants in desert areas,such as sand build-up,erosion and sustainability of fragile ecosystems.The study was conducted through field research of completed photovoltaic power plants in desert areas and combined with remote sensing data analysis.It collects the wind-sand control measures and original vegetation condition of desert photovoltaic power plants,summarizes the existing wind-sand control modes of photovoltaic power plants,and calculates the change of vegetation cover of photovoltaic power plants with different modes.The results show that the use of wind-sand control modes helps to improve the vegetation cover in photovoltaic power plants and achieve ecological recovery.The average vegetation covers of the studied photovoltaic plants increased from 8.5%to 10.5%and the maximum vegetation cover increased from 33.6%to 57.9%during the growing season.The study suggests adopting targeted management measures and modes according to the differences in surface conditions,climatic environment and water sources in different regions,in order to more effectively cope with the wind-sand problems faced by photovoltaic power plants in different regions,improve the effectiveness of the management,promote the sustainable development of photovoltaic power plants,and provide a reference for the construction of solar power plants in desert regions.

关 键 词：太阳能 沙漠生态系统 生态建设模式 治理措施 可持续发展 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]