不同生育期马铃薯根系构型及生理指标对干旱胁迫的响应  

Responses of potato root architecture and physiologicalindexes to drought stress at different growth stages

作　　者：李佳欣 张天赐 任晓月[1] 李思璇 陈彦云[1] LI Jiaxin;ZHANG Tianci;REN Xiaoyue;LI Sixuan;CHEN Yanyun(School of Life Sciences,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学生命科学学院,银川750021

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2024年第12期1848-1855,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022BBF02002)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确马铃薯各生育期根系对干旱胁迫的响应特征,初步解析根系的抗旱机制,为干旱胁迫下马铃薯的科学管理提供理论依据。【方法】以‘冀张薯12号’马铃薯为材料,采用室内盆栽对比试验,设置重度干旱(土壤相对含水量45%)和正常浇水(土壤相对含水量75%)处理,在4个生育期观测马铃薯生长、根系构型和根系生理指标。【结果】干旱胁迫组马铃薯的株高、茎粗、总根长、根总表面积和根总体积在整个生育期都显著低于对照组;干旱胁迫组单株产量、单株结薯数和淀粉含量显著低于对照组,还原糖含量显著高于对照组;干旱胁迫组根系活力、MDA含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量显著高于对照组,并随着干旱时间的延长呈上升趋势;干旱胁迫组根系SOD、POD活性在后期也显著高于对照组,且SOD活性在前期响应较慢,POD活性则响应较快。【结论】马铃薯生长、根系发育和产量受到干旱胁迫显著抑制,其根系的抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量均能迅速做出响应,缓解干旱胁迫带来的伤害,表现出一定的抗旱性。[Objective]The present study aimed to elucidate the response of the potato root system to drought stress at different developmental stages.Additionally,the study sought to identify the underlying mechanisms that confer drought resistance in potato root system.This study will provide a theoretical foundation for potato production under drought stress.[Methods]Using‘Jizhang Potato No.12’as the material,an indoor potting experimental design was adopted to study potato growth indexes,root conformation,and root physiological indexes at different reproductive periods under two treatments of severe drought[relative soil moisture content(45±5)%]and normal watering[relative soil moisture content(75±5)%].[Results]The plant height,stem diameter,total root length,total root surface area,and total root volume of the potato were found to be significantly lower than those of the control throughout the reproductive period under drought stress. Single plant yield, number of potatoes per plant and starch contentwere significantly lower in the drought stressed group than the control, and reducing sugar was significantlyhigher in the drought stressed group than the control. The roots of potatoes subjected to drought stressexhibited heightened vigor, MDA, proline, and soluble sugar levels compared to the control, with thesevalues increasing as the duration of drought prolonged. Additionally, the SOD and POD activity levels inthese roots were higher than the control, with SOD displaying a delayed response during the early stagesand POD activity demonstrating a rapid surge during the tuber formation phase. [Conclusion] Thegrowth, development and yield of potatoes were found to be impeded by drought stress. The antioxidantenzyme system and osmoregulatory substances within the potato root system exhibited a rapid response todrought stress, enabling the plant to cope with the damage caused by drought stress and demonstrating acertain degree of drought resistance.

关 键 词：马铃薯 干旱胁迫 根系构型 渗透调节物质 抗氧化酶 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学] S532[农业科学—作物学]