四种杀虫剂对平菇菌丝及子实体的安全性评价  

Evaluation of the safety of four insecticides on mycelium and substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus

作　　者：张智颖 马林[2] 曲绍轩[2] 蒋宁[2] 李辉平[2] 侯立娟[2] 林金盛[2] 徐平 王伟霞 李福后 ZHANG Zhiying;MA Lin;QU Shaoxuan;JIANG Ning;LI Huiping;HOU Lijuan;LIN Jinsheng;XU Ping;WANG Weixia;LI Fuhou(School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering,Jiangsu Ocean University/Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment in Jiangsu Province,Lianyungang 222005,Jiangsu,China;Institute of Vegetable,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学海洋食品与生物工程学院·江苏省海洋生物资源与环境重点实验室,江苏连云港222005 [2]江苏省农业科学院蔬菜研究所·江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室,南京210014

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2024年第12期109-115,共7页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：国家食用菌产业技术体系(CARS-20);江苏省现代农业(蔬菜)产业技术体系(JATS﹝2023﹞320)。

摘　　要：为研究除虫脲、呋虫胺、高效氯氰菊酯和氯虫苯甲酰胺4种杀虫剂对平菇菌丝和子实体生长的影响,采用拌料和喷雾两种方式对平菇进行药剂处理,使用液相色谱-质谱联用法和气相色谱法对其残留情况进行分析,并研究4种杀虫剂对蚊蝇类双翅目害虫的防治效果。结果表明,4种杀虫剂对平菇菌丝生长抑制率最高的是氯虫苯甲酰胺,达14.39%,其他3种药剂抑制率均较低。拌料处理中,100 mg·L^(-1)除虫脲和高效氯氰菊酯对平菇子实体产量的影响较小,第一潮菇的生物转化率在56%以上;喷雾处理中,100 mg·L^(-1)高效氯氰菊酯与呋虫胺对平菇产量的影响较小,第一潮菇的生物转化率在57%以上。呋虫胺对蚊蝇类双翅目害虫的防治效果最好,虫口减退率可在97.1%以上。平菇拌料处理子实体中均未检测出高效氯氰菊酯和氯虫苯甲酰胺农药残留;喷雾处理子实体中4种供试药剂均未超出残留限量。综上所述,平菇拌料处理可选用高效氯氰菊酯药剂,喷雾处理可选用呋虫胺药剂,对平菇子实体产品的安全性影响较小。The objective of this study is to examine the impact of four insecticides,specifically diflubenzuron,dinotefuran,beta-cypermethrin and chlorantraniliprole,on the growth of the mycelium and fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus.The pharmacological treatment of P.ostreatus employs both mixing and spraying techniques.The residues were subjected to analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)and gas chromatography(GC).A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of four insecticides against dipteran pests,specifically mosquitoes and flies.The results demonstrated that the highest inhibitory efficacy of the four insecticides on the mycelium of P.ostreatus was 14.39%for chlorantraniliprole.The remaining three agents exhibited lower inhibition rates.The impact of diflubenzuron in conjunction with beta-cypermethrin in the mixing treatment on the production of P.ostreatus substrates was found to be insignificant.The initial flush of mushrooms was subjected to a bioconversion process,resulting in a conversion rate of over 56%.The application of beta-cypermethrin and dinotefuran in spray treatments has been observed to exert a minimal influence on the yield of P.ostreatus.The bioconversion rate of the initial flush of mushrooms was in excess of 57%.Dinotefuran has been demonstrated to be the most effective chemical agent against mosquitoes and flies,which are classified as dipteran pests.The rate of population reduction can reach as high as 97.1%.The analysis of the treated substrates of P.ostreatus revealed the absence of beta-cypermethrin and chlorantraniliprole pesticide residues.Residue limits for all four insecticides tested were not exceeded in sprayed substrates.Overall,beta-cypermethrin can be used for mixing treatment of P.ostreatus,and dinotefuran can be used for spraying treatment.The impact on the safety of P.ostreatus substrate products is minimal.

关 键 词：平菇 杀虫剂 菌丝 产量 安全性 

分 类 号：S646.14[农业科学—蔬菜学]