我国行政诉讼继续确认判决论——基于最高人民法院相关判决展开  

Theory of Continued Confirmation of Judgments in Administrative Litigation in China-Based on Relevant Judgements of the Supreme People's Court

作　　者：查云飞 Zha Yunfei

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2024年第6期134-149,共16页Global Law Review

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“行政诉讼类型制度的构建研究”(19ZDA163)的研究成果。

摘　　要：最高人民法院通过一系列判决“创制”了我国的继续确认判决,进一步丰富了行政诉讼判决类型。根据初始诉讼请求之不同,继续确认判决可分为撤销型和履行型,且于我国实定法层面都有依据。继续确认判决概念的提出,有效解决了我国私益诉讼的主观模式与确认判决宣示性地位之间的抵牾。无论从诉讼标的抑或从诉的利益角度考量,当被诉行政行为违法时,于“不需要撤销或者判决履行”情形都不应一律判决确认违法,其宣示性地位应予纠正。继续确认判决在判断行政行为是否终结和是否违法的基础上,亦需判断是否存在确认利益,而相关判决同时发展了判断的正反两方面标准。在体系定位上,继续确认判决相较于撤销与履行判决具有补充性,其依申请的特点有别于其他确认违法判决,须存在财产和名誉方面的确认利益时方可作为赔偿判决的先行判决。Continuing confirmation judgment is a judgment made by a court to confirm the illegality of a terminated administrative act under the premise that there is an interest in con-firmation.Depending on the initial claim,they can be categorized into revocation-type and ful-fillment-type continuing confirmation judgments,both of which have a basis in China's substan-tive law.The Supreme People's Court developed the concept of the continued confirmation of judgment,effectively solving the conflict between the subjective mode of private litigation and the declaratory status of the confirmation of judgment.Whether from the perspective of the sub-ject matter of a lawsuit or the interests involved,courts should not automatically issue a judg-ment of confirmation of illegality in cases where"revocation or fulfillment is not required".The declaratory status of such a judgment should be corrected.In addition to determining whether an administrative act has been terminated and whether it was unlawful,a continuing confirmation judgment must also assess whether there is a legitimate interest in confirmation.The jurispru-dence has developed both positive and negative criteria for determining the benefit of recogni-tion.Positive criteria include"for the purpose of claiming administrative compensation","for the purpose of preventing a repetition of the risk"and"for the purpose of restoring reputation".When it comes to the reverse exclusion criterion,the court's view that only burdensome admin-istrative acts are likely to cause residual adverse effects on the parties,to the exclusion of bene-ficial administrative acts,should be adjusted when dealing with burdensome and beneficial ad-ministrative acts separately in revocation-type cases.In addition,in the performance-type situa-tion,there may also be a confirmation of interests,which should not be excluded.In terms of its systemic positioning,continuing confirmation judgment serves as a supplement to revocation and fulfillment judgments.Its application-based nature distinguishes it fr

关 键 词：行政诉讼 确认判决 继续确认判决 确认利益 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]